海洋捕捞渔船的成本收益及其影响因素初步研究

基于对宁波市主要专业渔村调研结果,分析海洋捕捞的成本构成情况。研究结果:(1)如果不计劳动力成本,奉化有75%渔船盈利;如果计劳动力成本,奉化渔船亏损率50%以上,功率越大亏损越高;(2)通过单位成本(含劳动力成本)收益率以及单位燃油成本收益率发现,奉化海洋捕捞渔船的两项指标都为负值(即亏损),而且功率越大的渔船亏损越高;(3)渔业税费支出较少,渔船融资方式主要分为独资和合资两种。通过研究结果得到主要结论:(1)冰、燃油费和劳动力的成本是影响海洋捕捞渔船收益的最重要因素;(2)季节变化、税费问题以及集体经济分配问题在一定程度上影响成本收益;(3)人员流动性、渔业从业人员教育程度等问题是发展未来海洋捕捞行业亟待解决的问题。

The preliminary studies on cost-benefit analysis and relative influence factors of fishing boats

Based on the survey of the main marine fishing villages in Ningbo, this paper analyses the composition of marine fishing cost. The results are:(1) Not cosidering the labor costs,the fishing boats' profit is 75% in Fenghua. Otherwise,the loss rate is above 50%. The greater the power of the fishing boat is, the higher losses are; (2) Through the unit costs yield (including labor costs) and unit fuel costs yield, we found that two indicators of marine fishing boats are negative (loss); (3) Fishery taxes cost little, fishing boats financing way is mainly divided into wholly owned and joint ventures. Main conclusions are obtained through the results: (1) The ice, fuel costs and labor costs are the most important factors affecting marine fishing boats benefit; (2) The seasonal variation, taxes and allocation problems affected the cost benefit to some extent; (3) The problems of labor turnover and workers' education degree must be solved urgently in the future marine fishing.