四川丘区旱作生物灾害发生种类及其危害

农业生物灾害是一类重要的自然灾害,它是指有害生物（包括病毒、细菌、菌物、有害植物、有害动物等）种群数量大暴发对农业生产、农业生态环境以及人类经济活动造成严重威胁或重大危害,主要包括农作物病、虫、草、鼠害等。四川丘区农作物生物灾害种类多、发生范围广、危害程度重,严重影响农产品产量和品质。通过结合四川丘区旱作农业的发展现状,本研究开展了生物灾害的灾害种类、为害情况、为害趋势、为害加重原因等几方面的大量资料分析研究。文章总结了丘区旱作生物灾害发生的种类和其为害情况,提出防治策略“植物检疫为前提,农业措施防治为基础,物理措施为支撑,生物措施为重点,化学防治为保障”。掌握丘区生物灾害的发生种类及为害规律,有利于对其采取针对性的防治方法,并为减少在丘区农业生产过程中的损失提供了研究方向。

The Types and Damages of Biological Disasters in Sichuan Dry-land

Agricultural bio-disaster is a serious kind of natural disaster, usually refers to large outbreak of harmful organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, harmful plants and harmful animals, etc.) that threaten or endanger agricultural production, agro-ecological environment and human economic activities. It mainly includes crop diseases, insects, grasses, and rodents. There are many kinds of bio-disasters in Sichuan with high occurrence and serious damage, which gravely affect the yield and quality of agricultural products. Through mass data research on the types of disasters, we analyzed the damage situation, the trend of damage, and the reasons of aggravating biological disasters with a view to the development status of dry-land agriculture in Sichuan. We summarized the types and causes of the occurrence of dry-land biological disasters, and proposed the prevention and control strategy as “plant quarantine as the premise, agricultural measures as the basis for prevention and control, physical measures as the support, biological measures as the focus, chemical prevention and control as the guarantee”. Mastering the types and damage regularity of biological disasters could help us to carry out targeted prevention and treatment, so as to reduce losses in agricultural production.