酸枣肉渣栽培猴头菇的研究

为科学利用酸枣肉渣,破解困扰酸枣加工过程中造成的资源浪费和环境污染等问题,以猴头菇为对象,在栽培基质常规配方中添加不同比例(20%、40%、60%、80%)酸枣肉渣替代玉米芯,分析其对猴头菇发菌时间、子实体产量及营养成分的影响。结果表明,随着酸枣肉渣添加量的增加,猴头菇菌丝生长速率呈下降趋势,满袋时间和出菇时间延长,当添加比例为20%和40%时,头茬产量显著高于对照,且猴头菇品质得到提升,表现在鲜菇含水量和粗蛋白含量增加,粗脂肪和粗纤维含量降低,必需氨基酸总量增加,蛋白质氨基酸组成更接近FAO/WHO提出的理想蛋白,含铁量显著增加。添加酸枣肉渣栽培猴头菇是可行的,添加比例适宜控制在40%以内。本研究为酸枣肉渣的综合利用提供了新途径,也为食用菌栽培基质拓宽了新来源。

Study on Hericium erinaceus Cultivated by Pomace of Ziziphus jujube var. spinosa

To utilize the pomace of Ziziphus jujube var. spinosa (PZJS) and solve the resource waste and environmental contamination caused by processing of Z. jujube var. spinosa, a study was conducted to cultivate Hericium erinaceus by culture substrates adding different ratios (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) of PZJS into conventional corncob formula and investigate the yield and nutritional components of H. erinaceus. The results showed that the mycelial growth rate of H. erinaceus was decreased and the periods for mycelial incubation and fruiting were extended with the increased addition of PZJS. When the PZJS proportion in the cultivation formulation was 20% and 40%, the yield of H. erinaceus was significantly increased and the quality of fruit body was improved, showing the increase of the fresh mushroom water content and the crude protein content, the decrease of the crude fat and fiber, and the increase of the essential amino acids content, and the quality of protein was closer to the FAO/WHO recommended level, and the content of iron was significantly increased comparing with that of CK. Our results indicated that it was feasible to cultivate H. erinaceus using the PZJS and the adding ratio of PZJS should be controlled in the range of lower than 40%. The study could provide a scientific method for the comprehensive utilization of PZJS and broaden the source of edible fungus cultivation substrate.