不同钾肥对风沙土钾素动态变化及玉米生长的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究常规氯化钾、常规硫酸钾、晶体氯化钾和硫酸钾镁4种不同钾肥对风沙土钾素动态变化及玉米生长的影响。结果表明,4种钾肥的施入均显著提高土壤速效钾(包括水溶性钾和交换性钾)、缓效钾及沸硝酸钾的含量。除土壤缓效钾含量在施肥后15 d达到峰值外,其他形态钾含量在施肥后12 d达到峰值。随着玉米生育期的延长,土壤速效钾含量呈"双峰"波动趋势,土壤缓效钾和沸硝酸钾含量波动较小。4种钾肥处理显著影响玉米6叶期植株的生长,对成熟期的农艺性状和含量无显著影响。植株吸钾量和钾肥回收利用率以硫酸钾处理最高。4种钾肥均能保证玉米生育期内的钾素需求,综合植株钾素吸收与利用状况考虑,常规硫酸钾的效果略优于其他3种钾肥。

Effect of Potash Fertilizers on Soil Potassium Dynamic Change and Maize Growth in Aeolian Sandy Soil

Effect of potash fertilizers(potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, crystal potassium chloride and potassium magnesium sulfate) on soil potassium(K) dynamic change and maize growth in Aeolian sandy soil were investigated by pot experiments. The results showed that application of potash fertilizers significantly increased the contents of soil available K(including water-soluble K and exchangeable K), slowly available K and azeonitric K. The contents of all kinds of K reached the peak values at 12th days after fertilization except slow-available K, which reached the peak value at 15th days after fertilization. A "double peak" fluctuation were observed in the content of soil available K and slight fluctuation were observed in the content of soil slowly available K and azeonitric K with the extension of maize growth period. Four kinds of potash treatments significantly affected the growth of maize at six leaf stage, however had no significant effect on the agronomic characters and yield at maturity stage. Among four kinds of potash fertilizers, potassium sulfate had the highest K uptake by plants and recover rate of K fertilizer. In summary, four kinds of potash fertilizer can ensure the demand of K in the growth of maize. Considering the absorption and utilization of K, the effect of potassium sulfate is slightly better than the other three kinds.