源调节对移栽玉米物质生产及子粒养分含量的影响

以辽单566为试材,2017年进行基质育苗,长至5叶1心进行剪叶、断根处理,剪叶处理设置0、15%、30%3个水平,断根处理设置未断根与断根2个水平,7月1日移栽至大田。结果表明,在剪叶15%处理下,叶片、茎秆转运量、转运率以及子粒的贡献率显著增加,果穗的穗粗和千粒重也显著上升。同时,剪叶断根显著降低了吐丝至成熟期叶片、茎秆中干物质转运率及子粒贡献率,使得干物质积累量减少。随着剪叶面积的增加,可以在一定程度上缓解断根造成的不良影响。移栽玉米进行源调节后,对子粒淀粉、蛋白质、氨基酸和脂肪含量的效应不同,子粒脂肪含量不易受源库关系改变的影响,无明显变化。蛋白质含量和氨基酸含量在苗期移栽后减少15%叶源时达到最大;同时去除植株的叶源和根源,会显著降低子粒中蛋白质和氨基酸的百分含量。淀粉百分含量表现在苗期移栽后减少15%叶源和根源时达到最大。

Effects of Source Alteration on Material Production and Grain Nutrition Components Accumulation of Transplanted Maize

The experiments were conducted on 2017, using substrate nursery, with maize variety Liaodan566 as the test material, cutting leaf and root of source-sink regulation treatments, when the maize grew to five leaves and one heart. Leaf cutting treatments were set at 0, 15% and 30% three levels, and the root cutting treatments were set at two levels, cutting roots and not cutting roots, transplanted to farmland on July 1st. The results showed that, under the treatment of 15% leaf cutting, the translocation rate of stem-sheath and leaf and the grain contribution rate increased significantly. Meanwhile, ear diameter, grain weight per ear and thousand-kernel weight also increased significantly. The treatment of cutting leaves and roots significantly reduced the dry matter transport rate and the contribution rate of grains in the leaves and stem-sheath during the silking stage to the mature stage, and the accumulation of dry matter decreased. However, with the increase in leaf area, the adverse effects of root cutting can be alleviated to a certain extent. Different effects of source alteration on grain starch, protein, total amino acids and oil concentration could be found. After reducing the source of transplanted maize, it was found that the grain oil content was not affected by the change of source-sink relationship, and there was no significant change. In addition to oil content, protein content and total amino acid content reached the maximum when the leaf source was reduced by 15% after transplanting at seedling stage. Removal of leaf and root causes significantly reduced the percentage of protein and total amino acids in grains. The percentage of starch reached the maximum when the leaf and root sources were reduced by 15% after transplanting at seedling stage.