吉林省东南部稻区有机水稻栽培的除草技术初探

为了研究与探索有机稻田的除草新方法,提高有机稻田的除草效果,采用水稻插秧前覆盖可降解膜、插秧后6个时期分别在行间覆盖稻草等措施消除和控制有机稻田的杂草数量,筛选有机稻田最佳的除草措施与时期。结果表明：有机稻田插秧前覆盖可降解地膜对杂草防除效果最好,既达到高效防除本田杂草的目的,又可在不影响有机稻米品质的前提下,提高产量,增加收益。水稻分蘖前期（6月13—18日）和分蘖末期（7月3日）行间覆盖稻草可以有效防除稗草、菵草和野慈姑;秧苗移栽后或分蘖始期（6月8—10日）覆盖稻草可以提高萤蔺的防除效果。插秧前覆盖生物降解膜,缓苗至分蘖末期根据杂草种类分期在行间覆盖稻草,不仅对杂草有较好的防除效果,而且还有明显的增产作用,并且对稻米品质没有明显的影响。行间覆盖稻草还可以达到稻草还田,培肥地力的效果。

Weeding Technology of Organic Rice Cultivation in the Southeast of Jilin: A Preliminary Study

To explore new methods of weeding and improve the weeding effect in organic paddy fields, covering biodegradable film before transplanting and covering straw between rows in 6 periods after transplanting were adopted to eliminate and control the amount of weeds and screen out the best weeding measures and periods in organic paddy fields. The results showed that mulching biodegradable plastic film before transplanting seedlings in organic paddy fields had the best effect on weed control, which not only achieved the purpose of highly effective weed control, but also increased the yield and revenue without affecting the quality of organic rice. During the period of early tillering stage (June 13- 18) and late tillering (July 3), row covering straw could effectively prevent Echinochloa crusgalli, Beckmannia syzigachne and Sagittaria trifolia . Covering straw after seedling transplanting or in the beginning tillering period (June 8-10) could improve the control effect of Scirpus juncoides. Covering the biodegradable film before rice transplanting and covering straw between rows from seedling recovering to late tillering stage according to the weed species could not only have a good effect on weed control and removal, but also an obvious effect on yield increase. Covering rice straw between rows can also achieve the effect of returning rice straw to the field and improving soil fertility.