磷锌配施对花生不同生育期磷锌吸收与分配的影响

对植物体内磷–锌复杂的交互关系,采用田间试验,研究了磷锌配施对花生不同生育期磷锌吸收、积累、分配及花生产量的影响。结果表明:施磷和施锌均显著提高了花生地上部干重和产量。相同锌用量下,施磷提高了花生地上部、花生壳和花生仁的磷含量和积累量,但降低了其锌含量、磷锌收获指数和荚果磷利用率。其中,施磷对地上部锌含量的降低程度取决于生育期和锌施用水平。随施磷量的增加,在花生苗期、花针前期及不施锌肥时,花生地上部锌含量显著降低;而在花针后期、结荚期和成熟期及施锌肥时,花生地上部锌含量的降低程度逐渐减弱,表明磷-锌拮抗作用在花生生育前期强于生育后期,不施锌肥强于施锌肥。施磷对花生锌积累量的影响取决于锌供应水平和花生生长部位。不施锌肥时,仅适量供磷促进了地上部锌积累,而施锌肥时,适量供磷和高量供磷均促进了地上部锌积累;不同于地上部,高量供磷显著降低了花生壳和花生仁锌积累量。相同磷用量下,增施锌肥对整个生育期花生各部位磷含量和花生生育后期磷积累量无显著影响,显著增加了花生苗期和花针前期地上部及成熟期花生壳和花生仁的磷积累量、磷收获指数和荚果磷利用率。总之,花生体内磷–锌相互作用大小受其生育期、生长部位和锌...

Effects of Combined Application of Phosphorus and Zinc on Phosphorus and Zinc Absorption and Distribution in Peanuts at Different Growth Stages

For the complex relationship between phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in plants, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilizers on the P, Zn content, accumulation, distribution and yield of peanut at different growth stages. The results showed that the shoots dry weight and yield of peanuts was significantly increased under both P and zinc application. Under the same amount of Zn, compared with no P application, the P concentration and accumulation of peanut shoots, shells and kernels was increased, but the Zn concentration, P - Zn harvest index and pod utilization efficiency was decreased under P application. The reduction of shoot Zn concentration depended on the growth stages and the Zn application rates. With the increase of P rates, the Zn concentration in peanut was significantly decreased at the seedling stage, pre-flower stage and without Zn application, the reduction of shoot Zn concentration of peanuts become gradually weaken at the late stage of anthesis, podding, maturity stages and the application of Zn fertilizer, indicating that the antagonistic effect of P and Zn was stronger in the earlier growth stage than that in the latter growth stage of peanut , no application Zn fertilizer than the application of Zn fertilizer. The effect of P application on Zn accumulation in peanut depended on the Zn rates and the growing parts of peanut. The shoots Zn accumulation was promoted by the medium P rate under no Zn application, while under Zn application, he shoot Zn accumulation was promoted by the medium and high P rate. Unlike the aboveground part, the Zn accumulation in peanut shells and kernels were significantly decreased under high P rate. Under the same rate of P, Zn fertilizer had no significant effect on P concentration in all parts of the whole growth stage and P accumulation at the late growth stage of peanut, but the shoots P accumulation at seedling stage and pre-flower stage, P accumulation in peanut shell and kernels at early maturing stage, P harvest index and pod P efficiency was significantly increased. In short, the interaction of P and Zn was affected by growth stage, growing parts and Zn application rates, and the effect of P on Zn was stronger than the effect of Zn on P.