Characterizing Water Holding Capacity and Runoff during Composting of Greenwaste and Biosolids

ABSTRACT

Most composters in the United States use open-windrows. During high intensity precipitation events, uncontained water running off of the surface of the compost piles can potentially contaminate surface waters with nutrients and metals. Water that is absorbed poses no runoff concern but may threaten groundwater quality. To gain insight into these processes, stormwater runoff fractions and water holding capacity of compost piles have been characterized for greenwaste (GW) and biosolids (BS) materials. Laboratory scale experiments were conducted using days 1, 7, and 14 materials representing three different stages of composting. This study also evaluated sloped and flat-top as different pile geometries and surfactant use for promoting infiltration. Results indicate that fresh materials were most hydrophobic and the infiltration rates increased with increased composting times. The water storage capacity of the compost pile increased with the age of the compost pile. Compost water storage capacities could not be reliably estimated as the difference between field capacity and as-received water contents.