甘蔗的起源与进化

Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｕｍｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｒｕｍ在世界上已形成几个多样性中心，如新几内亚、印尼东部和南太平洋群岛等。但多样性中心并不一定就是起源中心。Ｓ．ｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｒｕｍ的起源中心是印尼东部－新几内亚地区。此外，还有其他一些地区被认为是起源中心，如中国、印度、东南亚，但证据还不够充分，有待于进一步证实。Ｓ．ｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｒｕｍ是通过Ｓ．ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｕｍ与其他属的植物（包括Ｅｒｉａｎｔｈｕｓａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｃｅｕｓ、Ｍｉｓｃａｎｔｈｕｓｓｐ．等）的种质渗透而进化来的，进化的中间阶段是Ｓ．ｒｏｂｕｓｔｕｍ。种质渗透的第一步可能是在印尼东部，然后一些材料被传到新几内亚，通过漫长的自然和人工选择而进化成Ｓ．ｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｒｕｍ。Ｓ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｅ和Ｓ．ｂａｒｂｅｒｉ可能是Ｓ．ｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｒｕｍ传到中国和印度后，分别与Ｓ．ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｕｍ及近缘植物发生种质渗透而形成的。但也有一些学者认为，一些Ｓ．ｂａｒｂｅｒｉ无性系独立于Ｓ．ｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｒｕｍ。

The Origin and Evolution of Sugarcane

There are several diversity center of Saccharum of ficinarum in the world,such as New Guinea,East Indonesia and South Pacific.But diversity center may not be origin center.The origin center is East Indonesia-New Guinea. In addition,some other districts have also been considered as origin center of S.officinarum,for example.China, India and south Asia,but still lack some necessary evidence.S.officinarum evoluted from S.spontaneum by introgression with other genera(Erianthus arundinaceus,Miscanthus sp.).The intermediate step in the evolution is S.robustum.The first introgression is probably occured in East Indonesia. Then,some material was carried to New Guinea,and evoluted to S.officinarum.S.sinense and S.barberi come from S.officinarum by intergression with S.spontaneum and other genera.But,some authors suggested that some clones of S.barberi are independent of S.officinarum.