水氮运筹对新疆滴灌春小麦群体质量和产量的影响

为探明水氮运筹对滴灌春小麦群体质量和产量的影响规律,2017年和2018年在田间滴灌条件下设置1 500、3 750、6 000和8 250 m~3·hm~(-2)4种灌水量(分别用W1、W2、W3和W4表示)和0、225、300和375 kg·hm~(-2)4个施氮水平(分别用N0、N1、N2和N3表示),比较分析了不同水氮处理下春小麦品种(新春6号)的茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、LAI、粒叶比、花后干物质生产力和产量及其构成的差异。结果表明,两年中,春小麦茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、LAI、粒叶比、花后干物质生产力及产量在相同氮素营养条件下随灌水量的增加均呈先增后减趋势,且以W3最大;在相同水分条件下随施氮水平的提高也均呈先升后降趋势,且以N2最大。在所有处理中,W3N2处理的春小麦茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、LAI、粒叶比、花后干物质生产力和产量及其构成因素值均最高。因此,在本试验条件下,灌水6 000 m~3·hm~(-2)和施氮300 kg·hm~(-2)为滴灌春小麦最佳的水氮组合。

Effect of Water and Nitrogen Application on Population Quality and Yield of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang

In order to find out the effects of water and nitrogen application on the population quality and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation,four irrigation levels(1 500,3 750,6 000 and 8 250 m·hm^-2,termed as W1,W2,W3 and W4,respectively) and four nitrogen levels(0,225,300 and 375 kg·hm^-2,termed as N0,N1,N2 and N3,respectively) were set up in 2017 and 2018,under the condition of field drip irrigation. The differences of tiller number,productive tiller rate,LAI,ratio of grain to leaf,dry matter productivity after anthesis,yield and its components of a spring wheat variety Xinchun 6 were compared and analyzed under different water and nitrogen treatments. The results showed that in the two years,all of the above parameters increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount under the same nitrogen condition,reaching to the top under W3. Similarly,with the increase of nitrogen amount under the same irrigation condition,the above parameters displayed the similar trends,reaching to the top under N2 treatment. Among all treatments,W3N2 treatment gave the highest tiller number,productive tiller rate,LAI,ratio of grain to leaf,dry matter productivity after anthesis,yield and its components. Therefore,under the conditions of this experiment,6 000 m·hm^-2 irrigation and 300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application were the best combination of water and nitrogen for drip irrigation of spring wheat.