施氮量对不同小麦品种产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

为给鲁中山区小麦的栽培选育及氮素利用率的提高提供科学依据,连续2年选用鲁中山区栽培面积较广的泰农18号临麦4号和汶农5号3个优质小麦品种,设置0,120,240 kg/hm~2施氮水平,采用大田试验,研究不同小麦品种的产量及氮素利用效率等对施氮量的响应。结果表明,增施氮肥可以增加小麦叶片光合色素的合成与积累,促进光合作用,提高小麦干物质积累及其向籽粒的转运,有利于小麦群体的构建,促进产量形成,3个小麦品种在N120和N240水平下的产量较N0水平分别增加0.67～2.10,0.97～2.62倍;随着施氮量的增加,小麦对氮肥的响应度减小,氮素吸收、利用效率和氮肥偏生产力、农学效率显著降低。品种差异对小麦生长和产量形成有显著影响。相同施氮量下,小麦各项指标均表现为泰农18号临麦4号汶农5号,泰农18号产量最高,具有更强的氮素吸收和利用能力,而汶农5号对氮素最为敏感,泰农18号在N0水平下的产量较临麦4号和汶农5号分别增加15.83%～26.42%和34.50%～42.43%,在N120水平下分别增加4.97%～5.05%和12.23%～12.54%,在N240水平下分别增加4.13%～5.75%和8.49%～11.08%。综上,在本试验条件下,鲁中山区小麦最佳施氮量为240 kg/hm~2,泰农18号为最适宜推广小麦品种,汶农5号具有较大的增产潜力,可为小麦品种选育提供科学依据。

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Different Wheat Varieties

In order to provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and breeding of wheat and the improvement of nitrogen utilization in central Shandong. Tainong 18 Linmai 4and Wennong 5which are three high-quality wheat varieties with a wide cultivation area in central Shandong were selected and three nitrogen levels of 0,120,240 kg/hm² were set to study the response of yield and nitrogen utilization of different wheat varieties to nitrogen application rate with field experiment for 2 years. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves,promote photosynthesis,increase the dry matter accumulation of wheat and its transport to grain,facilitate the construction of wheat population and promote the formation of yield. The yields of three wheat varieties at the N120 and N240 level respectively increased by 0.67~2.10 times and 0.97~2.62 times compared with the N0 level. With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the responsiveness of wheat to nitrogen fertilizer decreased,nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and agronomic efficiency were significantly reduced. Variety differences have significant effects on wheat growth and yield formation. In this study,all indicators of wheat showed Tainong 18 > Linmai 4 > Wennong 5. Tainong 18 had the highest yield and better nitrogen absorption and utilization ability. Wennong 5 was the most sensitive to nitrogen. Compared with Linmai 4 and Wennong 5,the yield of Tainong 18 increased by 15.83%~26.42% and 34.50%~42.43% respectively under the N0 level,increased by 4.97%~5.05% and 12.23%~12.54% respectively under the N120 level,increased by 4.13%~5.75% and 8.49%~11.08% respectively under the N240 level. In summary,the optimum nitrogen application rate in central Shandong is 240 kg/hm² under the conditions of this experiment,Tainong 18 is the most suitable wheat variety for promotion,and Wennong 5 has great potential for increasing yield which can provide a scientific basis for wheat variety selection.