橄榄皮细蛾(Spulerina sp.)的初步研究

橄榄皮细蛾(Spulerina sp.)在福州1a发生4代,平均各代历期:第1代45d,第2代31d,第3代46.5d,越冬代近8个月.以预蛹期幼虫在橄榄秋梢嫩茎和复叶叶轴的基部至中部上吐丝结茧越冬.越冬代成虫于5月初羽化.第1代幼虫为害春梢;第2代主要为害果实;第3代为害夏梢;第4代(越冬代)为害秋梢.其中以第2代幼虫潜食橄榄幼果所造成的经济危害最大.此虫在果上发育1个世代,其各虫态历期平均为:卵期7d,幼虫期19.5d,蛹期3.5d,雌蛾产卵前期1d.5月中旬至下旬为橄榄座果期和春梢生长期,是防治橄榄皮细蛾保果的关键时期.用特制杀虫粉炮(中国专利号90204382·X)每株大树放炮1粒,3d后重复1次,保果效果达95.22％.

Preliminary Studies on a New Species of Insect Pest Spulerina sp. of Olive in China

Spulerina sp. occurred commonly in olive production area in Fujian. The percentage of infested plants was almost 100%, and infested fruits 20%—35%. It developed four generations a year in Fuzhou, the average duration of each generation was 45 days in the first, 31 days in the second, 46.5 days in the third and 8 months in the fouth i. e. Overwinter generation, respectively. The Spulerina sp. overwinter as prepupal larvae in the cocoons on the new autumn shoot and the base or middle parts of pluralleaf stalk. The adults of overwintered generation emerge in the early May. The larvae of each generation damage mainly spring shoots in the first generation, fruits in the second, summer shoots in the third and autumn shoots in the fouth, respectively. Among them, the larvae of second generation caused the most loss of young fruits of olive. The insects develope one generation on fruits, each stage last 7 days for egg, 19.5 days for larva, 3.5 days for pupa and 1 day for females begin to lay eggs after emergence respectively. It is the best time to control Spulerina sp. in the early to middle May because it is the time for developing fruits and spring shoots growing. The effect of protecting the fruits from the insect pest infesting was 95.22% by firing one specially prepared insecticidal dust artillery (China paten No. 90204382·X) above a big olive tree at 3 days intervals.