麦类品种与种质资源对大麦黄矮病毒GAV的田间抗性鉴定

为明确不同小麦品种对大麦黄矮病毒(Barley yellow dwarf viruses, BYDV)GAV的抗性差异,采用堆测法田间人工接种鉴定了215份小麦品种及种质资源的抗病性.结果表明,不同材料对黄矮病的抗病性存在较大差异,00中13、中4、西农979、临优21号、878和H9020-17-25-6-4的病情指数分别为18.9、9.6、16.3、21.1、21.1和22.6,表现出较好的抗病性;荔高6号、偃展4110、新麦13、豫麦49、徐麦856、金穗1号、中国春和7182的病情指数分别为68.9、55.2、58.5、54.0、56.2、51.5、55.8和53.0,均高于50.0,表现为高感;其余材料病情指数在25.0~50.0之间,表现为感病.此外,红须麦、豫麦34、小冰麦和晋麦47初期表现感病,后期恢复健康,有一定的耐病性.抗病性不同的小麦品种感染GAV后,对小麦产量的影响差异很大,抗病品种如中5产量损失为5.6%,中4产量损失7.6%,耐病品种小冰麦、晋麦47和红须麦的产量损失依次为19.9%、15.2%和18.3%,而感病品种荔高6号产量损失达到47.5%.

Evaluation of the resistance of wheat varieties and germplasm resources to BYDV-GAV

For evaluating the resistance of wheat to GAV of Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs), 215 wheat varieties and germplasm resources were artificially inoculated with viruliferous aphid Schizaphis graminum by hill plot technique in the field. The results showed that GAV resistance was varied significantly among 215 wheat varieties and germplasm resources. Specifically, 00 zhong 13, Zhong 4, Xinong 979, Linyou 21, 878 and H9020-17-25-6-4, with disease indexes of 18.9, 9.6, 16.3, 21.1, 21.1 and 22.6, respectively, possessed resistance to GAV. In contrast, Ligao 6, Yanzhan 4110, Xinmai 13, Yumai 49, Xumai 856, Jinsui 1, Zhongguochun and 7182 with disease indexes of 68.9, 55.2, 58.5, 54.0, 56.2, 51.5, 55.8 and 53.0, respectively, were considered to be highly susceptible to GAV. The rest with disease indexes ranging from 25.0 to 50 were susceptible to GAV. Furthermore, the symptoms of the four cultivars, Hongxumai, Yumai 34, Xiaobingmai and Jinmai 47, could be alleviated or disappeared at grain-filling stage. Significant difference was observed in the yield losses when wheat varieties with different resistance to GAV were infected with GAV by calculating thousand kernel weight. The yield loss of the resistant varieties, Zhong 4 and Zhong 5, were 5.6% and 7.6%, respectively, followed by the tolerant varieties, Xiaobingmai, Jinmai 47 and Hongxumai, with a 19.9%, 15.2% and 18.3% yield loss, respectively, while the susceptible variety, Ligao 6, had as high as 47.5% yield loss.