施氯量对丽江烤烟烟叶生长·产量和化学成分的影响

[目的]为寻找丽江金沙江河谷地区烟田适宜施氯量。[方法]试验设置6个施氯量处理(KCl 0、30、45、90、135、180 kg/hm2),比较各处理的烤烟生长、产质量表现。[结果]随施氯量增加,烟株的团棵期、现蕾期分别提前了2～3、3～5 d,终采期及大田期均延长了1～7d,烟株株高增加3.55～7.78 cm。增施氯使产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例分别提高了0.59%～10.70%、3.75%～10.92%、4.05%～8.56%、6.25%～28.13%、2.35%～5.88%。当施氯量为KCl 180 kg/hm2时虽产量最大,但较对照均价已下降0.82元/kg。施氯较为一致地提高了各部位烟叶的含氮量、含氯量,均降低了烟叶烟碱含量。施氯量效应表现为上部>中部>下部。施氯提高了上部烟叶的总糖含量,而降低了中部、下部烟叶的总糖含量。[结论]从烟叶的可用性和经济效益综合考虑,以KCl 135 kg/hm2为丽江砂质冲积型水稻土最佳施氯量。

Effects of Chloride Application Rate on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Lijiang

[Objective] In order to select the best chloride application rate for flue-cured tobacco in valley of Jinshajiang river in Lijiang.[Method] Six kinds of chloride application rate with KCl 0(CK),30,45,90,135,180 kg/hm2 were set up,and the effects of chloride application rate on growth,yield and quality were tested.[Result] The results showed that,along with the increase of chloride application rate,the rosette stage,bud emergence stage were respectively advanced by 2-3,3-5 d,while last harvest date,growing period in field all delayed by 1-7 d.With chloride application increase,yield,output value,average price,ratio of superior tobacco leaf and ratio of superior-middle tobacco leaf respectively increase with 0.59%-10.70%,3.75%-10.92%,4.05%-8.56%,6.25%-28.13%,2.35%-5.88%.Although the amount of KCl 180 kg/hm2 have a maximum yield,but the average price reduced by 0.82 CNY/kg against CK.Chloride application generally increased the total nitrogen,chlorine of all leaves,while reduced the nicotine of all leaves.The chloride effect followed by upper leaves>cutter leaves>lower leaves.In term of leaf position on the stem,chloride application improved the total sugar of upper leaves,while reduced the sugar of cutter leaves and lower leaves.[Conclusion] In the view of tobacco availability and economic benefit,the best chloride application rate was KCl 135 kg/hm2.