近10年我国茶树品种国审(鉴)情况分析

近10年我国有55个茶树新品种通过国家审(鉴)定。从这些新品种在不同茶区的分配比例、选育单位的组成类型、品种适制性和选育途径4个方面对其进行统计分析。研究发现,新品种的2/3是由华南和西南茶区选育而成,适制绿茶的品种所占比例较高,约占总数的57%,且产量型品种明显多于品质型品种。新品种中有51%属常规种,由此可见,系统选育法仍然是茶树育种的主要技术手段。与之前相比,选育单位的组成类型有所变化,但科研院所仍居主力地位。今后的发展,可以考虑从提高种质资源利用率、加强上下游技术合作、细化育种研究方向、鼓励公司或个人从事或参与等方面,推进茶树育种研究进程。

Analysis on Chinese National Authorized Tea Varieties in Recent Decades

In recent decade,our country had 55 tea varieties to be bred and through national validation.A statistical analysis on these new varieties from distribution proportion,breeding unit types,varieties types and breeding approaches was conducted.The research suggested that two-thirds of new varieties were bred in south and southwest tea areas of China,about 57% of them were suitable for producing green tea and most were good at yield.Conventional varieties accounted for 51%,so conventional methods remained the core technology in tea breeding.The composition of breeding units had already changed than in the past,universities and companies had been getting more involved,but research institutes were still playing the main role.The tactics for future development should focus on improving the use rate of germplasm,strengthening the upstream and downstream research cooperation,refining breeding research direction and encouraging companies or individuals participation,only in this way will we boost the tea breeding development.