中国南方春大豆收获前后种子劣变的抗性研究

 中国南方春大豆种子易劣变，已成为该地区发展粒用型和菜用型大豆生产的重大障碍。【目的】对中国南方春大豆种质种子劣变抗性的鉴定筛选可获得抗性种质，从而为劣变抗性机理研究、遗传育种改良和新品种选育奠定种质基础。【方法】本研究采用甲醇胁迫法和温箱蚀化法对92份中国南方春大豆地方品种和推广品种进行收获前和收获后种子劣变的鉴定。【结果】经筛选鉴定获得收获前种子劣变（田间劣变）相对较抗种质（发芽率≥80.00％、活力指数≥2.64和简易活力指数≥8.61）3个，收获后种子劣变较抗（耐贮藏）种质（发芽率≥80.00％、活力指数≥1.00和简易活力指数≥7.03）3个，双抗种质1个以及双不抗种质1个。【结论】中国南方春大豆种质收获前种子劣变抗性大于收获后种子劣变抗性，而且资源中收获前种子劣变抗性种质更为丰富；与种子活力和劣变性相关的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和简易活力指数等指标间皆呈极显著正相关；宜联合采用活力指数、简易活力指数和发芽率作为种质种子劣变评价鉴定指标。

Pre-harvest and Post-harvest Seed Deterioration Resistance of Spring Soybean Germplasm in South China

The seed deterioration of spring soybean in South China has been a great obstacle to the development of the spring soybean production in the region. The seed deterioration resistance germplasm needed to be used in the study of the resistance mechanism, and the development of the new cultivars. The main aim of the research was to evaluate the seed deterioration resistance of 92 spring soybean landraces and cultivars from South China by the methanol treatment and incubating weathering treatment, and to screen the seed deterioration resistance accessions. The results showed that no consistency between the resistant degrees of the before-harvesting and after-harvesting seed deterioration was found in 92 spring soybean germplasm of South China, and the former was generally great than the latter. The germplasm resisting the before-harvesting seed deterioration was more abundant in the spring soybean resource of South China. Significant positive correlations among the germinative percentage, germinative energy, vigor index and simple vigor index were found. The combination of the germinative percentage, vigor index and simple vigor index should be used as the evaluation index of the seed deterioration. 5 accessions resisting before-harvesting seed deterioration with the germinating percentage ≥80%, vigor index ≥1.00, and simple vigor index ≥8.61 were identified. 4 accessions resisting after-harvesting seed deterioration with the germinating percentage ≥80%, vigor index ≥2.64 and simple vigor index ≥7.03 were identified. One both resisting before-harvesting and after-harvesting seed deterioration, and one both unresisting before-harvesting and after-harvesting seed deterioration, were screening out.