麦/玉两熟区农作模式分析及轮耕模式探讨

从20世纪90年代初期起,以少/免耕为主体的耕作模式在麦/玉两熟区得到大面积推广应用。经过近15年的耕作栽培,少/免耕充分显示了它省时省工、高效环保的作用,但是与此同时一系列弊端也日益显露。对宁晋县百户农民耕作意愿调查的结果显示,在长期少/免耕后小麦产量和经济效益有所下降,而应在免耕3～5年以后对土壤进行深耕翻。对比麦/玉种植模式与马铃薯/棉花套作的经济效益,以轮作实现轮耕是麦/玉两熟区耕作模式发展方向。

Farming and Rotation Tillage System in Wheat/Maize Rotation Area

Minimal/zero tillage-based cultivation system has been widely extended in areas under the wheat/corn double-cropping system since the early 1990s. Its advantages, being time and labor saving and environment-friendly, are obvious, whereas its disadvantages are also getting prominent with the years passing by. A survey was carded out on willingness of a hundred farmers to adopt the practice in Ningjin County. Results showed long-term minimal/zero tillage might lead to decrease in yield and economic benefit of wheat. It is more advisable to deep plow the fields after 3 ~ 5 years of minimal/zero tillage. Comparison between the wheat/corn rotation system and the potato/cotton one in economic benefit showed that crop rotation is a new approach to extension of the rotation tillage system in areas under the wheat/corn double-cropping system.