华山松球蚜形态特征及生物学特性研究

华山松球蚜是华山松的重要害虫，在昆明地区1年发生8代，春夏季平均42d1代，秋冬季51d1代，世代重叠，无明显的休眠现象，在海拔2600m以上的寒冷地区多以无翅蚜和老熟若虫在合拢的1年生针叶及松梢芽苞片内越冬，少数以卵在1年生或2年生针叶背面越冬，雌虫平均卵量(2～4月)50粒，产卵历期5～12d，卵孵化率90％以上，若虫4龄，1龄若虫经2～4d后在当年生针叶上固定直至发育为成虫，行孤雌生殖，有翅蚜于3月下旬开始分化，4月中旬至5月上旬是有翅蚜的峰期，有翅蚜的分化是球蚜种群迁移扩散和扩大增殖的重要因素。

A Study on the Morphology and Biology of the Adelgid Aphid Pineus armandicola

The adelgid aphid Pineus armandicola is an important pest of Pinus armandii .The aphid has 8 generations each year in Kunming district.In average,it takes 42 days in spring and summer or 51 days in autumn and winter for the insect to finish one generation.The different generations are overlapping.The aphid has no distinct dormancy in Kunming district,in the cold area over altitude of 2 600 m,most individuals overwinter by dealate adults (virginogeniae) and mature nymphs in one year old needle clumps or bud bracts of the top twigs,a few individuals overwinter by eggs on the lower surface of one or two years old needles.Each female adult produces 50 eggs in average.The egg stage lasts for 5 to 12 days.Hatching rate of eggs is over 90%.The nymph has 4 instars.After 2 to 4 days,the first instar nymphs fix on the new growing needles until they develop to adult stage.The aphid leads a parthenogenesis life.The alate adults (virginogeniae) firstly appear in late March,and the peak period is observed from mid April to early May.The differentiation of alate adults is an important factor for the migratory dispersal and proliferation of the aphid population.