Optimal sampling strategies for evaluating fruit softening after harvest in apple breeding |
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Authors: | Hiroshi Iwanami Makoto Ishiguro Nobuhiro Kotoda Sae Takahashi Junichi Soejima |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Apple Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Morioka 020-0123, Japan;(2) Present address: Yamagata Prefectural Horticultural Experiment Station, Sagae Yamagata, 991-0043, Japan;(3) Present address: National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan |
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Abstract: | Environmental variance components associated with year, tree, and harvest date were estimated for fruit softening after harvest
in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) to determine their relative importance and design optimum sampling strategies to discriminate genotypes in apple
breeding. Fruit were stored after harvest under 20± 2 ∘C and 80± 5%RH. Softening was evaluated by adapting the change in firmness during storage to a linear regression and defining
the regression coefficient as the softening rate. Environmental variances associated with genotype × year interaction, among
trees, year × tree interaction, and among harvest dates were all very small, namely, 2.7, 0.1, 5.2, and 5.7%, respectively,
to the total variance obtained from the analysis of variance for the softening rate. The variance associated with genotype,
at 57.3%, was very large. On the basis of the number of fruit necessary for firmness measurements, two times harvest is an
efficient strategy to determine a genotype mean for the softening. |
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Keywords: | environmental variation Malus × domestica variance component |
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