甘肃民勤绿洲荒漠化防治研究

民勤是河西走廊东段石羊河流域的尾闾绿洲区,它位于腾格里和巴丹吉林沙漠中间,不仅是阻挡两大沙漠合并的重要廊道,而且是我国东部地区重要的生态屏障。它阻挡着西来的沙尘暴对东部地区,尤其是华北的入侵,护卫着北京的生态安全,具有重要的生态战略地位。民勤绿洲区属温带干旱气候,降水稀少,本地无地表径流产生,生产、生活用水完全依赖于石羊河流域的地表水资源。受气候变化和人类活动双重因素的综合作用,特别是人类活动的影响,导致民勤绿洲生态与环境危机,引起国家和广大学者的关注,并从不同角度提出了许多对策。民勤生态与环境问题的根源在于水资源危机的加剧。通过对民勤50多年发展的综合分析和评价,建议尽快实施"民勤绿洲荒漠化综合治理生态工程"。恢复民勤的生态系统——绿洲荒漠生态系统,是一个复杂的工程体系,需要全社会协同合作。

Study on Land Desertification and Its Prevention and Control Measures in the Minqin Oasis in Gansu Province

Minqin Country of Gamsu Province is located at the lower reaches of the Shiyang River Basin.The excessive water consumption in the upper reaches of the river leads to sharp reduction of runoff volume to this region.Moreover,the excessive reclamation in the Minqin Oasis causes sharp increase of water consumption.Under such situation,land desertification becomes more and more serious,and the land desertification speed is accelerated.Premier Wen Jiabao has made comment about this issue in the Minqin Oasis for 11 times,and he pointed out that "we never let Minqin to become as the second Lop Nur Lake region".In this paper,the land desertification status and its hazard in the Minqin Oasis are analyzed based on the data of annual runoff volume from the Shiyang River to Minqin,land use and population since the 1950s.Based on the study results,some strategic measures are put forward for preventing and controlling land desertification in the oasis,they are to return farmland to wasteland or steppe and develop the water-saving ecosystems based on the local conditions as soon as possible.However,it is difficult to control land desertification and regenerate the ecology only by relying on the local energy in the Minqin Oasis.Therefore,it needs substantive capital and technical inputs and supports of the government at all levels.