Detection and Elimination of Viruses in Callus, Somatic Embryos and Regenerated Plantlets of Grapevine |
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Authors: | Giorgio Gambino Jeannette Bondaz Ivana Gribaudo |
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Institution: | (1) Viticulture Unit, Plant Virology Institute CNR (IVV), Via L. da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco-TO, Italy |
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Abstract: | The distribution of some grapevine viruses in flower explants, embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli, single somatic embryos
and plants regenerated from embryogenic cultures was investigated by RT-PCR and ELISA. Immature anthers and ovaries of the
cultivars Grignolino infected by GRSPaV, GLRaV-1 and GVA, Müller-Thurgau infected by GRSPaV and GLRaV-3 and Bosco infected
by GRSPaV were cultivated on media inducing indirect somatic embryogenesis. Viruses were detected both in anthers and ovaries.
Four months after culture initiation 65.6% of tested calli were infected by at least one virus; high percentages of virus
infection were found in calli originating from ovaries. No virus was detected in calli tested 8 months after culture initiation,
as well as in single somatic embryos or in embryo-derived plantlets. Somatic embryogenesis confirmed its effectiveness in
eliminating phloem-limited grapevine viruses. Regeneration of RT-PCR negative plantlets occurred even when at least a sector
of the callus was still infected: the mechanism whereby somatic embryos are freed of some viruses could be related to the
rapid proliferation of embryogenic cells within the callus or to the origin of the embryogenic callus from virus-free cells
within the original explant. |
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Keywords: | grapevine somatic embryogenesis virus eradication Vitis vinifera |
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