河西绿洲灌区不同耕作方式对春小麦土壤水分和产量的影响

在河西地区采用节水灌溉栽培方式,研究传统耕作(CT)、平作固定道(ZT)、固定道垄作(PRB)和垄作沟灌(FRB)4个处理下春小麦土壤水分、蓄水量、蒸散量、产量及其构成和水分利用效率的变化。结果表明,0～10cm土层PRB含水量分别高出CT、FRB、ZT处理13.70%、23.50%、4.80%,春小麦全生育期不同土层的土壤含水量和0～120cm土壤储水量也表现出PRB>ZT>FRB>CT的趋势。不同处理春小麦蒸散量差异很大,阶段蒸散量表现出CT>ZT>FRB>PRB,三叶期—抽穗期相差最大,CT分别比FRB、ZT和PRB高出15.56%、23.59%和38.73%,阶段蒸散量高峰值集中于生长中后期。PRB处理成穗数在4个处理中达到最大,分别比FRB、CT和ZT处理高出17.03%、2.40%和7.19%。PRB水分利用效率最高,比FRB、CT和ZT处理高出22.57%、30.49%和18.95%。PRB处理耗水量比FRB、CT和ZT处理少6.70%、28.80%和12.68%。可见,PRB处理节水效果明显,且达到增产的效果。

Effects of Different Tillage on Soil Water and Yield of Spring Wheat in Oasis Irrigation Areas

To resolve the problem of water shortage and lower WUE , the characteristics and changes in soil water and water storage, evapotranspiration, yield with constructions, and water use efficiency. Throughout the growth stage for spring wheat under conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT), permanent raised bed (PRB) and fresh raised bed (FRB) were analyzed. The results showed that water content of PRB in 0-10 cm soil layer were higher than that of CT, FRB, and ZT, by 13.70% , 23.50%, and 4.80%, respectively. The soil moisture content in different soil layers of spring wheat field and the 0-120 cm soil water storage capacity also showed the trends of PRB> ZT> FRB > CT. The evapotranspiration of spring wheat field varied greatly between treatments. Stage evapotranspiration indicated CT> ZT> FRB> PRB. Stage evapotranspiration of three leaf to heading was the maximum difference. CT was higher than the FRB, ZT and PRB, by 15.56%, 23.59% and 38.73%, respectively. Stage evapotranspiration peak values were focused on the late growth stage. The PRB processing panicles was the highest in four treatments which was 17.03%, 2.40% and 7.19% higher than the FRB, CT and ZT, respectively. PRB water use efficient was higher than FRB, CT and ZT, by 22.57%, 30.49% and 18.95%, respectively. Compared to the FRB, CT and ZT, PRB water consumption was less by 6.70%, 28.80% and 12.68%, respectively. In conclusion, The Controlled traffic treatment PRB has the obvious effects of water saving and yield gain.