新疆伊犁某牛场大肠杆菌耐药性调查

为了调查新疆伊犁某牛场饮水、饲料和粪样中分离的大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况。本试验采用微量肉汤稀释法，对饮水源、饲料源、牛粪源样品中分离出的大肠杆菌进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果显示，25份牛场饮水源样品，大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（25/25），对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（12.0%）、氨苄西林（4.0%）、诺氟沙星（4.0%）、恩诺沙星（8.0%）和安普霉素（8.0%）5种抗菌药物耐药；72份牛场饲料源样品，大肠杆菌分离率为65.3%（47/72），对阿莫西林/克拉维酸（36.2%）、氨苄西林（19.1%）、诺氟沙星（4.3%）和安普霉素（4.3%）4种抗菌药物耐药；80份牛粪源样品，大肠杆菌分离率为100.0%（80/80），对阿米卡星（12.5%）、氨苄西林（7.5%）、恩诺沙星（7.5%）、庆大霉素（5.0%）、诺氟沙星（2.5%）、环丙沙星（2.5%）、阿莫西林/克拉维酸（1.3%）和头孢噻呋（1.3%）8种抗菌药物耐药，仅对安普霉素敏感。该牛场分离的大肠杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药情况一般，但中介率较高，须在临床治疗细菌性疾病中避免使用不敏感和中介率高的抗菌药物，养殖场饮水和饲料有被耐药大肠杆菌污染的风险。

Resistance Survey of Escherichia coli Isolates to Antimicrobial Drugs from a Cattle Farm in Ili

In order to investigate Escherichia coli isolates from a cattle farm to commonly used antimicrobial drugs in Ili, Xinjiang, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobial drugs to these isolates from drinking water, feed and fecal samples were determined by broth micro-dilution method. The results showed that 25 Escherichia coli isolates were confirmed from 25 drinking water samples (100.0%), the resistance rates to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and apramycin were 12.0%, 4.0%, 4.0%, 8.0% and 8.0%, respectively. 47 Escherichia coli isolates were confirmed from 72 feed samples (65.3%), the resistance rates to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, norfloxacin and apramycin were 36.2%, 19.1%, 4.3% and 4.3%, respectively. 80 Escherichia coli isolates were confirmed from 80 fecal samples (100.0%), the resistance rates to amikacin, ampicillin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftiofur were 12.5%, 7.5%, 7.5%, 5.0%, 2.5%, 2.5%, 1.3% and 1.3%, respectively, only to apramycin sensitive. Resistances of Escherichia coli isolates from the cattle were general to the antimicrobial drugs, but were higher rate of intermediary to some antimicrobial drugs. So treatment of the diseases caused by bacteria should avoid using antimicrobial drugs of non-sensitivity and high intermediary rate. Drinking water and feed in the cattle farm existed the risk of being contaminated by resistant Escherichia coli.