秋水仙素注射大蒜花苞诱导四倍体的研究

为获得染色体加倍的大蒜植株，用0.05%、0.10%、0.15% 和0.20% 的秋水仙素注射苍山糙蒜和金蒜3 号的花苞，并在不同生长调节剂组合的MS 培养基上培养花苞内形成的气生鳞茎，当再生体系建立后，对根尖进行倍性鉴定。结果表明，MS 基本培养基添加0.05 mg·L-1 NAA 和2.0 mg·L-1 KT 能诱导较多的气生鳞茎萌发，直径4～5 mm 的气生鳞茎萌发率最高，且苍山糙蒜气生鳞茎的萌发率整体比金蒜3 号高。秋水仙素注射花苞后，金蒜3 号的花苞死亡率远远高于苍山糙蒜。随着秋水仙素浓度增大，花苞内形成气生鳞茎数不断降低，染色体加倍率升高。苍山糙蒜以0.20% 秋水仙素浓度处理下四倍体诱导率最高，为7.69%；金蒜3 号以0.15% 秋水仙素浓度处理下四倍体诱导率最高，为11.76%。

Studies on Tetraploid Induction of Garlic Bud by Colchicine Injection

In order to acquire tetraploid garlic（Allium sativum L.），diploid garlic buds were injected with 0.05%，0.10%，0.15% and 0.20% colchicine，respectively．Then the aerial bulbils in garlic buds were cultured in MS medium combined by different growth regulators．After a regeneration system was constructed，polyploid appraisal was conducted on the root tip．The result indicated that more aerial bulbils were able to germinate on
the MS basic culture medium adding 0.05 mg·L-1 NAA and 2.0 mg·L-1 KT．The aerial bulbils with 4-5 mm diameter had the highest germination rate．The germination rate of‘ Cangshancaosuan’ bulbils was higher than that of‘ Jinsuan No.3’．When the garlic buds were injected with colchicines，the mortality of‘ Jinsuan No.3’ bud was much higher than that of‘ Cangshancaosuan’．The number and size of the formed aerial bulbils were
decreased and the rate of doubled chromosome was increased along with the increase of colchicine concentration．The highest doubling rate of‘ Cangshancaosuan’ was obtained by the treatment of injecting the buds with colchicine concentration at 0.20%，and its induction rate was 7.69%．The highest doubling rate of‘ Jinsuan No.3’ was obtained by injecting the buds with colchicine concentration at 0.15%，then its induction rate could reach the
highest - 11.76%．