蛋白质组学研究方法及应用的研究进展

蛋白质是细胞生理功能的具体执行者，并常以蛋白复合体或与核酸相互作用的形式来发挥作用。蛋白质组代表在一定时间和特定条件下，1个细胞、组织或生物个体所表达的全部蛋白，因此蛋白质组会随着时间和空间的改变而发生动态变化。蛋白质组学从整体水平研究蛋白质组的结构、功能、表达模式及其相互作用的方式。根据研究内容的不同，蛋白质组学可分为表达蛋白质组学、结构蛋白质组学和功能蛋白质组学等。研究蛋白质组学有助于了解蛋白的结构、细胞的功能、生命的本质及活动规律，为疾病的诊断、治疗、疫苗及新药开发提供科学依据。研究蛋白质组学的常用手段主要有：双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、质谱、酵母双杂交系统及蛋白芯片法等，文章将对蛋白质组学常用的技术方法及应用进行综述。

Research Progress on Proteomic Techniques and their Applications

Proteins are the chief performers for physiological functions in a cell, and often function as protein complexes or interact with nucleic acids. A proteome represents all the proteins expressed by a cell, a tissue, or an organism at a defined time point under certain circumstances. Therefore, proteomes will undergo dynamic changes with alterations in time and space. The aim of proteomics is to globally study structures, functions and expression modes of proteome as well as interactions among proteins in a proteome. Based on the contents of study, proteomics can be classified as expression proteomics, structural proteomics and functional proteomics,respectively. The study of proteomes will help understand structures of proteins, functions of cells, nature and active rules of life, and will provide scientific basis for diagnosis and treatment of diseases as well as development of novel drugs. The techniques commonly used in proteomic studies include two-dimentional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, yeast two-hybrid system and protein chips. This article will provide a brief overview of proteomics and techniques frequently utilized for proteomic studies.