光照在中枢生物钟调节褪黑激素和促性腺激素释放激素分泌中的作用

动物生物钟包括中枢生物钟与外周生物钟，前者在哺乳动物中主要指下丘脑视交叉上核，而对于禽类则还包括视网膜和松果体。生物钟能感知外界环境的刺激和调节机体的生理活动，其中涉及到多种组织结构、激素及刺激因子。文章主要介绍中枢生物钟在调控松果体分泌褪黑激素与下丘脑分泌促性腺激素释放激素之间的关系，并就光照所起的作用进行了简要介绍。

Role of Illumination in the Central Circadian Clocks Modulated Secretions of Melatonin and Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

Circadian clocks are comprised of the central circadian clock and peripheric circadian clock. The central circadian clock mainly locates in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of hypothalamus in the mammal, but also contains retina and pineal gland in the birds. The circadian clocks can be stimulated by environment and then modulate the physiologic activities, that many tissues, hormones and irritants are involved. This review will highlight the role of central circadian clocks in the secretions of melatonin in the pineal gland and gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus, and make a brief summary about the effect of the illumination in the procees.