原鸡与文昌鸡杂交F1和F2代肉质性状比较研究

本试验通过比较原鸡（♂）与文昌鸡（♀）杂交F1和F2代肉质性状，探讨原鸡与文昌鸡杂交改良肉质的效果。选用健康、体重相近的1日龄原鸡（♂）与文昌鸡（♀）杂交F1代和杂交F1代（♂）与文昌鸡（♀）杂交F2代肉鸡各60只，随机分为2组，每组3个重复，每个重复20只鸡。饲喂相同日粮，试验第90、120 天时，每个重复随机取10只鸡进行屠宰，取胸肌和腿肌样本测定肉质性状相关指标。结果表明，除90日龄F1和F2代胸肌和腿肌pH、胸肌剪切力及120日龄F1和F2代胸肌和腿肌24 h的滴水损失、剪切力和腿肌pH_{24 h}差异不显著外（P＞0.05），其他肉质物理性状指标均差异显著（P＜0.05）；而对肌肉组织学而言，除120日龄F1和F2代腿肌的肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度差异不显著外（P>0.05）,其他处理间均差异显著（P＜0.05），F2代肌纤维密度高于F1代，尤其母鸡杂交优势更明显；在肌肉化学方面，除120日龄腿肌粗脂肪含量各杂交后代差异显著外（P＜0.05），90和120日龄杂交后代胸肌和腿肌的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和胆固醇含量均无显著差异（P＞0.05），无显著杂交优势。提示，原鸡与文昌鸡杂交F2代更适合作为优质肉鸡开发利用，120日龄出栏较适宜。

Comparative Study of Meat Quality between the Hybrid F1 and F2 Generations from Gallus gallus and Wen-chang Chicken

This study was conducted to determine meat quality between the hybrid F1 and F2 generations from Gallus gallus （♂） and Wen-chang chicken （♀）.60 1-day-old the hybrid F1 and F2 generations from Gallus gallus （♂）and Wen-chang chicken （♀） were randomly allotted to 2 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 broilers per replicate，and were supplemented with the same diets. Ten hybrid F1 and F2 generations in each replicate were randomly selected to slaughter and sampled breast and leg meat to determine meat characteristics of meat on day 90 and 120.The results showed that meat traits of muscle between the hybrid F1 and F2 generations were significant differences at 90 and 120 days （P＜0.05），but there were no significant differences in pH and warner-bratzler shear force （WBS） of breast and pH of leg meat at 90 old days and 24 h drip loss and WBS of breast and leg meat and pH_{24 h} of leg meat at 120 old days （P＞0.05）. The diameter and density of muscle fibre were significant difference between the hybrid F1 and F2 generations （P＜0.05）, but there were no significant differences in that of leg meat at 120 old days （P>0.05），and hybrid F2 generation muscle fiber density was higher than that in hybrid F1 generation，especially the hen.There were no significant differences in the dry matter，crude protein and crude fat content and cholesterol level in muscle （P＞0.05）,however crude fat level of leg muscle was significant difference from hybrid F2 generation （P＜0.05）.In conclusion，meat quality of the hybrid F2 generation from Gallus gallus and Wen-chang chicken was excellent and utilizatied for meat，and slaughter at 120 days was more appropriate.