工业化国家的林业产业政策

工业化国家林业产业当前面临的主要问题是环境污染对大面积森林构成的严重危胁和对分散的私有林无法进行现代化经营。此外,尚有财政危机和某些国家的林产品过度依赖进口等问题。在90年代,甚至更长的时期内,发达国家林业产业政策的调整方向是,保护和改造现有林,通过实施分类经营战略发挥森林的多种效益,兼用行政和经济手段引导私有林的发展,进一步调整林产品结构和大力发展木材培育业。

Forest Industry Policy of Industrialized Countries

The key problems the industrialized countries are now confronted with are theincreasingly serious large scale forest withering and mortality caused by atmospheric pollu-tion.Forest management sectors,especially those responsible for national forest man-agement meet with grave financial crisis;the objective of multi-purpose utilization has notbeen realized;some countries(USA,Japan,the former Germany) still get along by exces-sive reliance on timber import;and there exists a superhigh ratio of private forests which are scattered,not facilitating modern management.The forest industry policy and relevant measures of developed countries are:protection and remodelling of existent pure coniferous plantations,and carrying out a strategy of classsified forest management.The industry withsilvicultural responsibility is tending towards development in three independent fields:(1) industrial(or commercial) forestry,(2) public welfare(or ecologic) forestry,(3) multi-functional forestry;development of private forests is guided with administrative meanscombined with economic means;readjustment is made of the forest industry policy and priority is set on developing the production and export of high value-added forest products.The main features of these policies are:(1) under consistent volume of cutting or slight in-crease of cutting to increase the forest product output by developing integrated wood utiliza-tion,(2) to increase the output value of per unit area timber stock by setting priority on developing the finish work(panel,paper,paper board,furniture) and augmenting the process-ing levels,(3) using the non-veneer panel and board as structural and surfacing materialsinstead of sawtimber and plywood which consume great quantity of high quality logs,(4) totake the road of combined forestry and industry with forestry helping the industry and industry promoting the development of forestry.Positive effort has been made to develop theindustry responsible for timber development,and to establish raw material supplying base for sustained forest utilization.But economic returns still remain a problem to be resolved.