不同施肥制度对作物产量及土壤磷钾肥力的影响

在潮棕壤上进行了19 a的定位试验,研究了不同施肥制度对作物产量和土壤磷钾肥力变化的影响。结果表明,单施氮肥能显著提高玉米产量,施钾肥能显著提高大豆籽实产量,其效果优于磷肥。循环猪圈肥的施用能在一定程度上增加作物的产量,但不能达到显著水平。氮磷钾配合循环猪圈肥不仅能增加作物产量而且有很好的稳产作用。未施磷肥处理,土壤速效磷含量呈迅速下降趋势,随种植时间推移,土壤速效磷含量下降速率趋缓。施用磷肥,土壤速效磷含量均有显著增加。不施钾肥处理加剧了土壤钾素的消耗,土壤速效钾和缓效钾浓度下降明显;氮磷钾肥并施处理基本能维持土壤钾初始水平;同时施用氮磷钾肥和循环堆肥土壤速效钾和缓效钾浓度均有所增加。

Effects of different fertilization systems on crop yield and soil P and K fertility

A study on crop yield and soil P and K fertility was conducted based on a consecutive 19-year field trial in different fertilization systems. The result indicated that N treatment had a significant yield- increasing effect on maize .Soybean yield increased with the application of K fertilizer, while the application of P fertilizer could not increase soybean yield significantly. The application of recycled manure increased soybean seeds and maize grain yields to a certain de-gree. Combined application of NPK and recycled manure could not only increase significantly but also stabilize crop yield. In the treatments without phosphorous fertilizer, the available P content decreased rapidly in the first severalyears, then the rate of decrease slowed over time. In the treatments with phosphorous, the soil available P content in-creased significantly. The concentration of soil available K and slow-release K decreased significantly without K fertilizer application, and the concentration of soil available K and slow- release K maintained the initial value in NPK treatment. The application of recycled manure and NPK fertilizer increased significantly the concentration of soil available K, while the increment of slow-release K was not significant.