菌渣培养料对双孢蘑菇子实体蛋白质营养价值的影响

测定以稻草、杏鲍菇菌渣、金针菇菌渣为主培养料的3种不同配方栽培双孢蘑菇子实体的营养成分和氨基酸含量,采用国际通用的蛋白质营养评价的方法,对其子实体的营养价值进行评价分析。结果表明,稻草配方的蘑菇粗蛋白含量(40.00%)和粗脂肪含量(3.20%)较菌渣配方高,其蛋白质品质评价指标均优于菌渣配方栽培的蘑菇;氨基酸比值系数法表明杏鲍菇菌渣配方氨基酸组成最优,菌渣配方均好于稻草配方;借助模式识别得出杏鲍菇菌渣配方、稻草配方栽培蘑菇与全鸡蛋蛋白质的贴近度为0.88,高于金针菇菌渣配方;杏鲍菇菌渣与金针菇菌渣配方栽培的蘑菇,其风味氨基酸含量高于稻草配方;结果说明菌渣配方需进一步优化,以提高蘑菇子实体蛋白质营养价值。

Effect of Spent Mushrooms for Substrate in Culture Medium on Nutritional Value of Agaricus bisporus

The contents of nutrients and amino acids in the fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus cultivated on media containing rice straws,spent Pleurotus eryngii or spent Flammulina velutipe were determined.The nutritional values were analyzed by the internationally applied protein assessment method.The results showed that the medium formulated mainly with rice straws produced fruiting bodies with high crude protein (i.e.,40.00％) and fat (i.e.,3.20％) as well as a higher nutritional quality index than the media containing largely the spent mushroom materials.The amino acid ratios of the fruiting bodies indicated that A.bisporus harvested from the medium formulated with spent P.eryngii were nutritionally superior to the others.The spent mushrooms alsoproduced fruiting bodies with better amino acid composition than rice straws did.A pattern recognition analysis showed a closer resemblance of the proteins from the fruiting bodies of A.bisporus cultivated on medium consisted mainly of rice strawsor spent P.eryngii to those of eggs,at a score of 0.88,than that from the fruiting bodies of A.bisporus grown on medium of spent F.velutipe.In addition,the fruiting bodies contained more flavor amino acidswhen A.bisporus were cultivatedon media with the presence of spent mushroom substrates than rice straws.It appeared that medium formulations using spent mushrooms for A.bisporuscultivation could be furtherimproved to maximize the food quality of the fruiting bodies for consumption.