南方三省杨梅中甜蜜素和农药残留风险监测分析

目的 了解南方三省杨梅农药残留和甜蜜素添加状况，维护杨梅鲜果质量安全，应对舆论关切，促进产业良性发展。方法 通过线上和线下购买杨梅主要产区浙江、福建、云南的市售新鲜杨梅作为检测样本，采用气相色谱法对杨梅中甜蜜素进行检测分析，采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对杨梅中43项农药残留进行检测分析。对检出农药作急性膳食摄入风险评估和慢性膳食摄入风险评估，并采用相对强度系数法 (RPF)对检出率较高的拟除虫菊酯类农药进行累积急性膳食评估。结果 213批次杨梅中，甜蜜素均未检出，171批次样品检出农药残留，样品农药残留检出率为80.3%，其中66.7%样品检出两项及以上农药。检测的43项农药中，9项农药有检出，其急性膳食摄入风险评估最高值为60%，慢性膳食摄入风险评估最高值为0.024%；拟除虫菊酯类农药累积急性膳食评估值为93%。结论 未发现南方三省杨梅违规添加甜蜜素。对成年人而言，农药残留的各项膳食摄入风险评估值均＜100%，在安全范围内，风险可接受。

Risk monitoring and analysis of sodium cyclamate and pesticide residues in bayberry from the three southern provinces

ABSTRACT: Objective Discern pesticide residues and sodium cyclamate addition of bayberry in three southern provinces, maintain the quality and safety of fresh bayberry, respond to public concerns, and promote the healthy development of the bayberry industry. Methods The bayberry samples were purchased on-line and offline in Zhejiang, Fujian and Yunnan provinces, the main producing areas of bayberry. The sodium cyclamate in bayberry was detected and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and 43 pesticide residues in bayberry were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The acute and chronic dietary intake risk assessment were conducted for the detected pesticides, and the cumulative acute dietary was conducted for pyrethroid pesticides with high detection rate by using the relative potency factor (RPF) method. Results Among the 213 batches of bayberry samples, sodium cyclamate was not detected in all batches, while pesticide residues were detected in 171 batches, the detection rate was 80.3%, of which 66.7% samples were detected with two or more pesticides. Among 43 tested pesticides, 9 pesticides were detected. The highest risk assessment values of acute and chronic dietary intake was 60% and 0.024%, respectively. The cumulative acute dietary intake risk assessment value of pyrethroid pesticides was 93%. Conclusion No sodium cyclamate was illegal added in bayberry samples of three southern provinces. For adults, the various dietary intake risk evaluation values of pesticide residues were all less than 100%, within the safe range, and the risk was acceptable.