不同栽培措施对六盘山地区甘蓝高效生产的影响

六盘山地区甘蓝生产的高效栽培措施尚未明确，不利于甘蓝产业向高效化和标准化生产方式发展。该研究以‘中甘15’为试验材料，以地膜光照透过率、起垄高度及移栽苗龄为试验因素，进行了3因素3水平二次回归正交试验，分析了不同因素对土壤综合环境指数和甘蓝产量的影响。结果表明：地膜光照透过率和移栽苗龄交互作用对土壤环境综合指数的影响显著（P<0.05），其他因素交互影响不显著。起垄高度与地膜光照透过率、地膜光照透过率和移栽苗龄交互作用对产量影响显著（P<0.05）。经响应曲面分析及多目标优化，当起垄高度为30 cm、地膜光照透过率为80%、苗龄为39 d时，土壤环境综合指数和甘蓝产量最优，土壤环境综合指数为7.79，甘蓝产量为86.51 t/hm2。研究结果可为有效改善土壤环境、提高甘蓝产量、促进甘蓝产业标准化和机械高效化发展提供参考。

Optimization study on the different cultivation measures for the efficient production of cabbage in Liupanshan of Ningxia Region in China

Cabbage has been widely cultivated with distinctive features in each cultivation area. The high output of vegetables can be found with better taste and high quality in Ningxia Liupanshan region with the unique cool climate conditions. But it is unclear on the efficient farming of mechanized production of cabbage in this region, in order to promote efficient and standardized production in the cabbage industry. This study aims to clarify the effects of different tillage modes on cabbage growth for the efficient agro-mechanical-agricultural integration system. Three tillage factors were also selected from the perspective of tillage practices, including the starting height of monopoly, light transmission rate of mulch, and the age of cabbage transplanted seedlings. A study plot was located in the Xiji region of Ningxia in China, where drip irrigation was used to locally irrigate using integrated water and fertilizer irrigation. The various types of vegetables were previously cultivated with alkaline soils. A 3-factor and 3-level quadratic regression orthogonal experiment was conducted with 80%, 45%, and 10% mulch light transmittance, 0, 15, and 30 cm monopoly height, as well as 30, 35, and 40 d transplanted seedlings in the test plot with ''China Cabbage No. 15'' as the test variety. Response surface models were established to explore the effects of different factors on the soil environment and the yield of cabbage using the Box-Behnken model in Design-Expert 8.0.6 Trial software. The results showed that a significant effect of the soil environmental index was found in the interaction between mulch light transmission rate and transplanting seedling age, while there was no significant interaction of other factors. The higher the age of the seedlings was, the higher the overall soil environmental index was. The significant effects on the yield were observed in the interaction of starting height with mulch light transmission rate, mulch light transmission rate, and transplanting seedling age. The yield of cabbage tended to increase with a lower starting height and lower mulch light transmission rate, or with a higher starting height, and higher mulch light transmission rate. Finally, the response surface analysis and multi-objective optimization were utilized to adjust the monopoly height of cabbage cultivation, ground film light transmission rate, and transplanting seedling age tillage. A better performance was achieved in the soil structure and the comprehensive capacity of the soil environment, leading to the significantly increasing yield of cabbage. The best tillage mode was optimized for cabbage production using the response surface method. The optimal combination of parameters was obtained at 30 cm of monopoly height, 80% of the ground film light transmittance and 39 d of transplanted seedling age. This treatment combination can be the best way of tillage to promote the standardization and mechanical efficiency of the cabbage industry.