堆肥过程中抗生素和耐药基因消减研究进展

堆肥是常用的有机固废处理技术，能够快速实现有机固废资源化利用，但传统工业化堆肥对于抗生素及其耐药基因（Antibiotic resistance genes，ARGs）消减重视不足。事实上，近年来畜禽粪污等堆肥原料中抗生素及ARGs残留问题日益凸显，抗生素及ARGs消减已经成为堆肥过程中不容忽视的部分和亟待解决的问题。本文综述了近年来抗生素及ARGs在堆肥过程中消减的研究现状和一般特点，以及影响消减效果的理化和生物学因素、相关优化技术措施的效果和瓶颈等，以期为最大限度降低ARGs传播风险提供参考。

Progress of the degradation of antibiotics and the elimination of antibiotic resistance genes

Composting is a technology commonly used for the treatment of organic solid wastes. Although it can quickly utilize such wastes, traditional industrial composting does not give sufficient concern to the degradation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs). Common raw composting materials, such as livestock manure, poultry litter, food waste, and sewage sludge, act as reservoirs of antibiotic contaminants, which is an urgent problem during composting and cannot be ignored. This review, based on recent studies, pointed out the characteristics, biological and physiochemical factors, enhancement measures, and main bottlenecks of the degradation of antibiotics and ARGs during composting, thereby offering advice for minimizing the risk of ARGs dissemination.