畜禽粪污清洁堆肥——机遇与挑战

好氧堆肥技术是处理畜禽粪污的有效手段，然而传统的好氧堆肥技术存在着氨气和温室气体排放量大、重金属活性高、病原微生物和抗性基因残留高、腐殖化程度低等瓶颈问题，因此开展畜禽粪污的清洁堆肥就显得非常必要。清洁堆肥是指从堆肥原材料选取、堆肥过程到堆肥产品使用整个过程中，选取无害化原料、过程中严格控制污染物的排放，并使其最终产品无害化的过程。本文围绕当今我国畜禽养殖业发展特征和畜禽粪污污染现状，深度剖析了传统堆肥的优势及其所面临的挑战，展望了畜禽粪污清洁堆肥的机遇与发展趋势，以期为畜禽粪污资源的可持续利用提供理论支持。

Opportunities and challenges in a livestock manure cleaner composting process

Aerobic composting technology is one of the most effective tools for tackling large amounts of livestock manure; otherwise, environmental contamination may occur from releasing organic solid waste directly into habitats. However, traditional aerophilic fermentation is faced with many challenges, such as large emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases, high heavy metal bioavailability, low humification, and pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics, and antibiotics resistance gene residuals that limit the development of aerobic fermentation industrialization. A cleaner aerobic fermentation process was established to reduce the risk and quality of organic solid wastes. The cleaner composting should pick up environmental-friendly materials, while controlling the emission of pollutants during the composting process. Therefore, free-hazardous composting products could be manufactured. This review focused on the contemporary characteristics of the livestock industry and the status of livestock manure, and the opportunities and challenges of traditional composting procedure were analyzed to provide theoretical support for the development of resourceful livestock utilization.