云南省畜禽粪污土地消纳能力的评估及其肥料化发展前景

以2019年云南省畜禽养殖数据为基础，通过估算云南省畜禽粪污产生量，结合还田方式和土地利用形式评估了云南省畜禽粪污土地的消纳能力，并结合云南省有机肥生产现状和高原特色农业的发展需求，指出畜禽粪污肥料化利用的方向。结果表明，调整种植结构可以增加土地对粪污直接还田的消纳能力；畜禽粪污堆肥还田可以进一步增加土地的消纳能力。云南省有机肥生产工艺水平较低，规范程度较低，进一步规范和提升有机肥的工艺水平，是提高云南省畜禽粪污资源化利用效率的重要途径。云南省畜禽粪污堆肥化转化成有机肥的潜力空间约为3 544万t，预计产值和利润分别为2 835 369万元和412 684万元。结合云南省高原特色农业发展的需要，畜禽粪污堆肥化后，开发成生物有机肥、复合微生物肥料以及有机类调理剂，是实现畜禽粪污高值化利用的重要方向。

Evaluation of land absorption capacity for livestock and poultry waste in Yunnan Province and development prospect for fertilizer utilization

Based on the livestock and poultry breeding data in Yunnan Province in 2019, this study estimated the production of livestock and poultry waste pollution in Yunnan Province, including the method of returning waste to the field and the form of land use, to assess the absorption capacity of land for livestock and poultry waste pollution. The potential for utilization of livestock and poultry waste fertilizer was evaluated based on the current status of organic fertilizer production in Yunnan Province and the demand for development of agriculture characteristic of plateaus. The results showed that the adjustment of planting methodology could increase the capacity of land to absorb the direct return of feces. Returning livestock and poultry waste to the field by composting could further increase the absorption capacity of the land. The technological level of organic fertilizer production in Yunnan Province was relatively low and its standardization degree was low. Further standardization and improvement in the technology level of the organic fertilizer industry might be an important mean to improve the utilization efficiency of livestock and poultry waste resources in Yunnan Province. The potential for composting livestock and poultry waste into organic fertilizer in Yunnan Province was approximately 35 440 000 t, and the estimated output value and profit are 28.35 billion yuan and 4.13 billion yuan, respectively. Combined with the need for development of agriculture suitable to the highland characteristics of Yunnan Province, composting of livestock and poultry waste into biological organic fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer, and organic conditioner can be promoted, and is an important direction toward realizing the high value utilization of livestock and poultry waste.