优质油菜中油杂8号施用氮磷硼肥的产量和品质效应

双低油菜新品种中油杂8号施用氮磷硼肥的田间试验结果显示,苗期、抽薹期、成熟期的干物重都有增加,以抽薹期至成熟期的干物重增加最为显著,表明施用氮磷硼肥的作用主要是促进油菜后期的生长发育,显著增加分枝数、角果数和单株粒重;以氮磷和氮磷硼处理增加幅度最大.不同施肥处理均显著增加籽粒产量,增产幅度为12.1%～30.5%,增产效果顺序为:N＞P＞B,以配合施用的增产效果最佳,NP、NB、NPB处理分别增产30.5%、29.3%、28.5%.增施B可提高菜籽油分含量,而N、P及NP配合施用则可提高蛋白质含量,降低油分含量.增施B还可提高油酸、亚油酸含量,降低芥酸和硫甙含量.同时对中油杂8号施肥增产和提高品质成分的原因进行了分析讨论,提出了增施硼肥和氮磷硼配合施用是保证中油杂8号高产高油优质特性充分发挥的技术关键.

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and boron on the yield and quality of high-efficient oilseed rape hybrid Zhongyouza No.8

Results from field experiments on the utilization of boron(B),phosphorus(P) and nitrogen(N) for new canola hybrid Zhongyouza No.8 showed that the plant dry matter increased through the whole growth period after application of these three nutrients,with the most significant increase from shooting to mature stage,indicating the nutrients can facilitate oilseed rape growth and development at later stages.The number of branches,number of siliques and plant yield increased dramatically after applying the fertilizers,with the highest increase by the treatments of NP,NPB.Seed yield elevated by 12.1%~30.5% upon different fertilization treatments,with the order of N>P>B.The highest yield,however,was achieved with the mixture of the nutrients.The yield increase was 30.5%,29.3% and 28.5% upon application of NP,NB and NPB,respectively.Applying boron could increase seed oil content,but application of N,P or NP mixture decreased oil content.In contract,protein content was increase after the application of N,P or NP mixture.Addition of boron also resulted in the increase of the contents of oleic and linoleic acids,but the contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate were both decreased.The mechanism behind the yield increase and quality improvement by fertilization with N,P and B is discussed,and the importance of using boron together with nitrogen and phosphorus for the maximum realization of the merits of Zhongyouza No.8 is also emphasized.