反硝化微生物分子生态学技术及相关研究进展

反硝化是微生物以氮氧化物作为电子受体产生能量的过程。由微生物推动的反硝化使地球生物圈中被固定的氮素重新回到大气中去,从而实现整个自然界的氮素循环。反硝化作用与人类的生产、生活密切相关,它能使江河湖海脱除氮素富营养化而得以净化,也能使农田氮肥反硝化流失造成重大经济损失。多年来,基于培养技术的传统微生物研究方法很难了解环境中的反硝化微生物,因为人们目前能够培养的微生物不足环境微生物总量的3%。近年来,分子生物学和现代生物技术的迅猛发展极大地推动了环境微生物学的发展,人们可以直接提取环境DNA、通过分子标记和多种技术研究环境微生物。本文综述了环境反硝化微生物的分子生态学研究技术及国内外相关领域的研究进展。

Molecular ecological techniques for the study of denitrifiers and progress in related areas

Denitrification is a microbial process in which oxidized nitrogen compounds are used as alternative electron acceptors for energy production.Denitrification release biosphere fixed nitrogen back to atmosphere and enable the global nitrogen cycling.Denitrification can benefit people by remediation of nitrogen polluted water system and in the opposite can cause great loss by removal of nitrogen fertilizer from fields.For many years,people know very little about denitrifiers in natural environment because of the limitations of culture-dependent research methods.The progress of molecular biology and biotechnology in recent years promote the development of environmental microbiology.People can extract DNA directly from environment and study environmental microbes with molecular marks combined many new techniques.This article reviewed the molecular ecological techniques on theresearch of environmental denitifiers and new progress in related research areas.