生物炭和石灰对红壤理化性质及烟草苗期生长影响的差异

我国南方红壤普遍存在酸性强、铝毒和有效养分含量低等特性,本文研究了生物炭和石灰对红壤理化性质及烟草生长的差异,为烟田红壤改良提供理论基础。采用盆栽试验,设置0、0.5%、1%、2%生物炭用量与传统石灰用量(0.3%)等5个处理,研究了其对红壤pH值、交换性铝和锰、有效态矿质养分含量,以及烟草农艺性状、烟叶矿质养分含量等的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭或石灰后,烟草株高、茎粗和叶片数目等农艺性状明显改善,生物量显著提高。0.5%和1%生物炭处理烟叶的N、P、K、Ca和Mg含量较对照处理明显提高,但2%生物炭处理,烟叶N含量比对照处理降低了9.3%。与对照处理相比,石灰处理中烟叶的N、P和Ca含量增加,K和Mg含量下降。施用生物炭和石灰均能够提高红壤pH值,降低其交换性铝含量;且施用生物炭土壤的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量均高于对照处理;而石灰处理仅交换性钙含量增加,交换性锰含量则减少。因此,施用生物炭和石灰均能促进红壤中烟草的生长,并有效改善红壤的理化性状。

Effects of Biochar and Lime on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Tobacco Seedling Growth in Red Soil

Red soil, mainly found in the southern China, is developed in a warm, moist climate. The main property of the soils is strong acidity, aluminum toxicity, and low available nutrients. In this study, different effects of biochar and lime on soil physicochemical properties and tobacco growth were determined in red soil, so as to provide a scientific foundation for soil improvement tobacco field. A pot experiment was designed and conducted at four biochar levels(0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) and normal lime level (0.3%) to study effects of two different soil amendments on red soil pH, exchangeable aluminum(Exc-Al) and exchangeable manganese(Exc-Mn), available nutrients and organic carbon (SOC). Meanwhile, agronomic traits, biomass and leaves elements of tobacco were also tested. Results showed that the agronomic characters and biomass of tobacco seedling had changed effectively after biochar or lime was added. Under 0.5%, 1% biochar treatment, the content of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), calcium(Ca ) and magnesium(Mg) in tobacco leaves substantially raised. However, when 2% biochar was applied, leaves N content declined by 9.3%. Compared with the control, leaves N, P and Ca content increased observably in the lime treatment. However, its K and Mg content decreased by 9.0% and 13.3% respectively. Alkaline nitrogen(SAN), available phosphorus (SAP), available potassium (SAK), and exchangeable calcium (Exc-Ca) and exchangeable magnesium (Exc-Mg) were improved obviously in soil applied with biochar. Only the content of Exc-Ca was significantly increased in lime treatment. In addition, it was beneficial to improve soil pH and reduce soil Exc-Al when biochar or lime had been used. Thus, both biochar and lime are propitious to increase soil pH value, lessen soil Exc-Al content, and improve the growth of tobacco seedling. Furthermore, biochar application also can raise the content of available nutrient and SOC in red soil.