再生水灌溉对土壤氮素与生物有效性影响的研究进展

随着中国水资源短缺状况的不断加剧，农业用水矛盾日益突出，再生水作为有效的水资源，受到广泛的关注。由于目前农业上普遍存在氮肥施用过量，而再生水中含有丰富的氮素，因此再生水灌溉适宜的水肥模式日益受到关注。土壤生物活性与氮素水平是评价再生水灌溉对环境安全效应的重要指标，笔者在概述国内外再生水灌溉研究现状的基础上，总结了再生水灌溉对土壤氮素生物有效性、相关土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响研究进展，并对未来再生水灌溉的研究发展趋势进行了展望：探明长期再生水灌溉和不同施肥水平对土壤微生物与碳、氮循环影响；加强长期再生水灌溉和不同施肥水平对土壤微生物与土壤碳库、氮库与养分交互作用综合影响研究；重视再生水灌溉下污染物监测与去除技术研究，建立建全规范的再生水监管体系和再生水安全灌溉制度、灌溉技术；进行再生水灌溉对作物-土壤-地下水环境影响的长期定位监测与评价。

Research Process of the Effects of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Nitrogen and Biological Effectiveness

With the increasing shortage of water resources in China, agricultural water contradiction is more outstanding. Taking the reclaimed water as an effective water resource has drawn widespread attention. Due to the excessive nitrogen application, the reclaimed water is rich in nitrogen, therefore the suitable irrigation and fertilization model has become the focus in the study. Soil biological activity and nitrogen levels are the important evaluation indicators of the reclaimed water irrigation on environmental safety. This paper summarized the status of the reclaimed water irrigation at home and abroad and the research progress of the effect of the reclaimed water irrigation on soil nitrogen biological effectiveness, soil microorganism and soil enzyme activity, meanwhile future research trends were prospected: the impact of long-term reclaimed water irrigation and fertilizer levels on soil microorganisms and carbon and nitrogen cycle should be ascertained; the integrated research of the long-term reclaimed water irrigation and fertilizer levels on soil microorganisms and soil carbon, nitrogen and nutrient interaction should be reinforced; the pollutants monitoring and removing technology research under the reclaimed water irrigation needed to be highlighted, the completely regulatory system and the safety irrigation program of reclaimed water and irrigation technique should be established; and long term monitoring and evaluation on crop-soil-groundwater environmental under the reclaimed water irrigation should be conducted.