3种水生植物中叶蛋白的提取及营养物质含量测定

[目的]对水生植物中叶蛋白进行提取,并对其营养物质含量进行测定。[方法]以山东德州地区3种水生植物菹草、蒲草和浮萍为试材,运用凝固法提取菹草、蒲草和浮萍中的叶蛋白,并测定了叶蛋白中各种营养物质的含量。[结果]3种水生植物叶蛋白提取率为2.36%～2.84%(按鲜样品计算),N含量为2.24%～3.51%,叶蛋白中粗蛋白和粗脂肪为38.9%～51.6%和12.1%～15.2%,β-胡萝卜素含量为476.8%～785.9μg/g,粗纤维含量和体内可消化性为1.0～1.6%和69.0～86.7%。水生植物叶蛋白中含有大量矿物元素,钙磷丰富,钙、磷含量分别为1.98%～2.89%和0.63%～0.89%。[结论]菹草、蒲草和浮萍中叶蛋白含量较高,是优质的植物性蛋白质饲料,具有很大的开发价值。

Extraction of Leaf Protein and Determination of Nutrient Substance from 3 Kinds of Aquatic Plants

[Objective] The research aimed to extract the leaf protein and determine its nutrient substance from aquatic plants and provide scientific basis for the utilization of aquatic plants as animal fodder or green-leave vegetable. [Method] Taking 3 kinds of aquatic plants P. crispus, T. angustifolia and Lemna spp in Dezhou area of Shandong as research objective, leaf proteins in P. crispus, T. angustifolia and Lemna spp were extracted by solidification method and the contents of all kinds of nutrient substances in leaf protein were determined. [Result] Extraction rates of leaf protein in 3 kinds of aquatic plants were 2.36～2.84 %(calculated according to fresh samples ), N content was 2.24～3.51 %, crude protein and crude fat in leaf protein were 38.9～51.6 % and 12.1～15.2 % respectively, the contents of β-carotene were 476.8～785.9 μg/g, crude fiber contents and digestibility in vivo were 1.0～1.6 % and 69.0～86.7 % respectively. Leaf protein in aquatic plants contained a great deal mineral elements and had rich calcium and phosphorus, being 1.98～2.89 % and 0.63～0.89 % resp. [Conclusion] P. crispus, T. angustifolia and Lemna spp had higher content of leaf protein and was good-quality vegetality protein feed, which had great exploitation value.