水稻黑条矮缩病暴发流行原因分析——以河南开封为例

水稻黑条矮缩病最早于1963年在浙江省余姚的早稻上发现,1964-1966年在浙江、江苏和上海等地流行或局部危害,1967年后华东地区发病迅速减轻,20世纪70年代在浙江病区难以找到病株,但1991-2002年浙江杂交稻区水稻黑条矮缩病又再次流行成灾,随后发病面积下降。2006年以来在江苏、浙江、山东等稻区大面积发生,并迅速上升为当地水稻主要病害之一,给水稻生产造成了巨大的经济损失。2013-2014年,水稻黑条矮缩病在河南沿黄部分稻区严重发生。本文从稻-麦连作的耕作制度,介体灰飞虱的越冬基数大、带毒率高,田间毒源丰富、易感水稻品种多,介体灰飞虱发生高峰与秧苗敏感期高度重合等方面,分析了水稻黑条矮缩病间歇性暴发流行的原因,以期为该病科学防控提供理论依据。

Analysis of the reason for the outbreak epidemics of the rice black streaked dwarf disease: Kaifeng in Henan Province as an example

Rice black streaked dwarf disease was firstly reported in China in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. Its epidemics was found in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai during 1964-1966. It disappeared in these regions after 1967, but caused disaster again in Zhejiang during 1991-2002. Since 2006, this disease occurred widely in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong, and became one of the most important rice diseases in the above mentioned provinces. In the rice growing areas along the Yellow River of Henan Province, outbreak and serious epidemics of rice black streaked dwarf disease were found during 2013-2014. In this review, the reasons for the outbreak epidemics of rice black streaked dwarf disease in Kaifeng were analyzed, including continuous cropping of rice and wheat, high population and percentage of viruliferous vector Laodelphax striatellus, a large area of susceptible rice varieties, high coincidence of emergence peak of vector insects with seedling stage.