大型海藻育种技术研究进展及其应用

大型海藻栽培业是全球最活跃的渔业产业之一,近二十年增幅是整体渔业增幅的两倍以上,发展前景十分广阔。其中,中国大型海藻产量占全球总产量的59%,海带、紫菜、裙带菜、龙须菜以及羊栖菜产量均排名世界第一。水产种业是水产养殖业的“芯片”和整个产业链的源头,大型海藻产量99%来自人工栽培,这更体现了新品种对产业的贡献度和重要性。但目前经过审定的大型海藻新品种仅有24个,约占海水养殖新品种的18%,与其产量占比并不匹配。为此,本文介绍了大型海藻产业的特点、近60年育种技术进展和育种成果,并针对大型海藻育种技术发展现状提出了相关建议,以期为大型海藻育种研究提供一些思路。

Advances in seaweed breeding technology and its applications

The seaweed cultivation industry is one of the most active sectors in global fisheries. Over the past two decades, its growth rate has been more than twice that of the overall fisheries industry, indicating significant growth potential. China dominates this industry, accounting for 59% of the world"s total seaweed production, including Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Pyropia/Porphyra spp., Gracilaria spp., and Hizikia fusiformis, with the highest production volumes globally. The aquatic seed industry serves as the "core" of aquaculture and the source of the entire industry. Approximately 99% of large-scale seaweed production is from artificial cultivation, highlighting the contribution and importance of new seaweed varieties to the industry. However, there are currently only 24 approved new varieties of large-scale seaweed, representing about 17% of new aquatic species for marine cultivation, which is not proportionate to its production share. Therefore, the present article introduces the characteristics of the large-scale seaweed industry, the progress in breeding technology over the past 60 years, and the breeding achievements. It also offers recommendations to address the current challenges of outdated breeding techniques in the large-scale seaweed industry, aiming to provide insights for future research in seaweed breeding.