海水虾蟹环境适应与池塘生态工程化养殖

池塘养殖是我国海水养殖的传统方式,也是当前陆基海水养殖的主体。自20世纪70年代,海水池塘养殖经历了粗放式、半集约、集约化和多营养层次生态养殖的发展历程。然而,海水池塘养殖产业中仍存在养殖生物生态适应性机制不清、养殖系统产出不稳定、营养物质利用效率低等“瓶颈”问题,严重制约了海水池塘养殖产业的发展。因此开展海水养殖虾蟹良种与生态环境的互作机制解析,研发养殖生态系统结构优化和营养物质资源化高效利用技术,搭建养殖信息采集与智能化管控平台,创建生态工程化养殖新模式,实现养殖系统高效可持续产出,是我国海水池塘养殖产业绿色高质量发展的关键。

Environmental adaptation and ecological engineering pond aquaculture of marine shrimp and crab

Pond aquaculture is a traditional method of mariculture in China, and it is also the main current land-based mariculture. Since the 1970s, seawater pond aquaculture has gone through a development process of extensive, semi intensive, intensive, and multi nutrient ecological aquaculture, forming a development pattern of multiple types, modes, and formats. However, there are still key problems in the current pond aquaculture industry, such as unclear ecological adaptability mechanisms of aquaculture organisms, unstable output of aquaculture systems, and low efficiency in nutrient utilization, which seriously restrict the development of pond aquaculture industry. We carried out an analysis of the interaction mechanism between improved varieties of marine aquaculture shrimp and crab and the ecological environment, developed technologies for optimizing the structure of aquaculture ecosystems, efficiently utilizing nutrient resources, established a platform for aquaculture information collection and intelligent control, created a new model of ecological engineering aquaculture, improved the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and achieved efficient and sustainable output of the aquaculture system, which provided important theoretical basis and technical support for the green and quality development of pond aquaculture industry in China.