中国与东南亚三国（越、老、柬）普通野生稻遗传多样性的比较研究

利用24对SSR引物，对来自中国10个代表性居群和越南、老挝、柬埔寨的5个居群共计282份普通野生稻材料进行遗传多样性比较研究。结果表明，(1)24个微卫星位点共检测到等位基因289个，平均等位基因数(A)为12，有效等位基因数(Ae)为7；期望杂合度(He)平均为0.812，观察杂合度(Ho)平均为0.543，香农指数(I)平均为1.99；(2)4个国家中，中国普通野生稻的遗传多样性最丰富，老挝次之，越南和柬埔寨最低，香农指数(I)分别为1.92、1.69、1.47和1.45；(3)采用UPGMA方法对供试15个居群进行聚类分析。老挝和柬埔寨2个居群的亲缘关系最近，二者与越南居群有着较近的亲缘关系；(4)在中国所有参试居群中，广西武宣和贺州居群与东南亚3国亲缘关系最近。

Comparative Study on Genetic Diversity of Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in China and Three Countries in Southeast Asia

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis was performed to assess the genetic diversity of Oryza rufipogon Griff. using 10 representative populations from China, 2 populations from Vietnam, 1 population from Laos and 2 populations from Cambodia. A total of 282 individuals were screened using 24 different SSR primers. Relationship among populations was analyzed based on the UPGMA cluster method. The results were as follows: (i) Two hundred and eighty nine alleles were detected at 24 microsatellites loci; the average number of alleles (A) was 12; the average effective number of alleles (Ae) was 7; the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.812; the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.543; the Shannon’ index (I) was 1.99, which meant that the detected populations from 4 countries were rich of genetic diversity. (ii) The populations from China had the most abundant genetic diversity with I of 1.92, while those from Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia were with I of 1.69, 1.47, and 1.45 respectively. (iii) Populations from Laos and Cambodia had the closest relationship, while populations from Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia had the closer relationships to each other than to those from China. (iv) Compared with the other populations in China, these from Wuxuan and Hezhou had the closer relationships to these from Southeast countries.