乌鲁木齐地区甘蓝蚜发生规律初报

甘蓝蚜Brevicoryne brassicae (Linné)]是烏魯木齐地区十字花科蔬菜上最主要的蚜虫。从9月下旬开始,在晚甘藍、晚苤藍及大白菜等蔬菜靠近地面的根、茎凹陷处,以及叶柄基部和叶片上产卵。蚜卵既可随寄主在菜窖里越冬;也可在菜株残体上露地越冬。露地越冬蚜卵,一般不能成为早春的有效蚜源,因其孵化率极低;孵化出来的少数干母,由于不能及时得到食料或因气候不适合,难以存活。越冬蚜卵于4月下旬孵化,5月中旬末产生有翅蚜,主要先在越冬寄生及冬蘿卜留种株上繁殖;到5月下旬至6月初,才陆續迁飞到春、夏十字花科蔬菜及春油菜上,大量繁殖和为害。7月下旬至8月初,晚甘藍与晚苤藍上的蚜虫便成为大白菜和冬蘿卜苗期的主要蚜源。甘藍蚜在烏魯木齐地区,无論是在菜窖里,或是在露地残株上,均不能以成蚜越冬。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF CABBAGE APHID IN URUMCHI, SINKIANG

The cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae (Linne)) is considered as the most serious insect pest of the cruciferous crops in Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region. A preliminary study on the life history of this insect was conducted in Urumchi during 1962 to 1963. In the vicinity of Urumchi, the overwintering eggs of this aphid hatched in late April. The winged forms developed, in the last part of mid May and they dispersed to some other annual cruciferous crops in late May up to early June. The new generations of winged and wingless agamic females produced on those crops all went through the summer. From late July to early August, a great number of the winged forms multiplicated on the previous hosts migrated to the overwintering hosts, on which the sexuaparae developed in mid September, and gamic males and females produced thereon. Eggs were laid on the stems, leaf blades and base of leaf stalks of the late cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), late broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr.) in late September. The stem mothers survive favourably on seed plants of the overwintering hosts in the early spring, although overwintering eggs were also found on their residues in the fields. It was confirmed that the growing forms of cabbage aphids could pass the winter neither inside nor outside the storage.