结缕草属植物部分外部性状的遗传分析

选用2份外部性状存在差异的结缕草(‘J36’)和中华结缕草(Z039)相互杂交,获得正反交F₁分离群体,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对F₁群体的密度、草层高度、叶长、叶宽、叶长/叶宽、节间长度、节间直径和节间长度/节间直径进行遗传分析,以初步明确这些性状的遗传特性。结果表明,1) 在调查的8个性状中,正反交杂交后代中每一个性状的变异范围均超出了双亲的变异范围,不同性状变异系数差异较大,密度的变异系数最大,其次为节间长度/直径、节间长度、叶长/叶宽、草层高度、节间直径、叶长和叶宽。2) 草层高度、叶长、叶宽、叶长/叶宽、节间直径和节间长度/直径的正反交后代的表型值存在显著差异,可能有母体遗传效应,密度和节间长度正反交后代间无显著差异。3) 密度的最佳遗传模型正反交均为B-1模型,即2对主基因的加性-显性-上位性遗传模型,正交的主基因遗传率为93.67%,反交的主基因遗传率为63.22%。草层高度、叶长、叶宽、叶长/叶宽和节间长度正反交后代群体的最佳遗传模型均为A-0模型,即无主基因模型。节间直径的正交为1对主基因的遗传模型,反交为无主基因模型,节间长度的正交为无主基因模型,反交为1对主基因模型。

Genetic analysis of morphological characters of zoysiagrass

The heredity of morphological characters, including density, turf height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/width, internode length, internode diameter, and internode length/diameter, in two F₁ populations of J36×Z039 and Z039×J36 was analyzed by major gene and polygene mixed genetic models to reveal the genetic mechanisms of these characters of zoysiagrass. The range of variation for each character in reciprocal progenies was far beyond that of their parents. The widest variation was in density, followed by internode length/diameter, internode length, leaf length/width, turf height, internode diameter, leaf length, and leaf width. Significant differences were observed between two reciprocal crosses for turf height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/width, internode diameter and internode length/diameter, which suggested that there could be maternal genetic phenomenon for these characters in zoysiagrass. However, no significant differences were found between two reciprocal crosses for density and internode length. The density from the reciprocal cross J36 ×Z039 was controlled by two additive-dominance-epistasis major genes model (B-1), and the heritability of major genes of positive and negative crosses were 93.67% and 63.22%, respectively. A no major gene model (A-0) was the most suitable model for turf height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/width, internode length of reciprocal crosses, internode diameter of negative crosses and internode length/diameter of positive crosses. Internode diameter of positive crosses and internode length/diameter of negative crosses of J36 ×Z039 were controlled by one major gene model.