Optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of palm amino acid surfactant using response surface methodology (RSM) |
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Authors: | Hasmah Bidin Mahiran Basri Salina Mat Radzi Arbakariya Ariff Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abdul Rahman Abu Bakar Salleh |
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Institution: | aFaculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;bFaculty of Science and Technology, Islamic University College of Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;cFaculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
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Abstract: | Amino acid surfactants are high-value surfactants which have excellent emulsifying characteristics and minimal toxicity to the living body. Enzymatic synthesis of palm kernel amino acid surfactant was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using palm kernel olein (PKO) and l(+)-lysine catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM. The reaction was performed in batch mode stirred tank reactor (STR) with one multi-bladed impeller. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate the interactive effects of various parameters. The parameters were temperature (A): (40.00–70.00 °C), impeller speed (B): (100.00–400.00 rpm), substrates ratio (C): (1.00–4.00 mmol) and enzyme amount (D): (5.00–8.00 g). The optimum condition derived via RSM at fixed reaction time of 24 h was temperature; 47.50 °C, impeller speed; 323.96 rpm, substrates ratio; 3.25 mmol and enzyme amount; 7.25 g. The experimental yield was 89.03% under the optimum condition, which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 93.77%. |
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Keywords: | Amino acid surfactants Palm kernel olein (PKO) Lipozyme Stirred tank reactor (STR) Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) |
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