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Cohabitation of tree holes by ants and breeding birds in a temperate deciduous forest
Authors:Sławomir Mitrus  Grzegorz Hebda  Tomasz Wesołowski
Affiliation:1. Laboratory of Evolution and Animal Ecology, Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Polandsmitrus@uni.opole.pl;3. Laboratory of Evolution and Animal Ecology, Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland;4. Laboratory of Forest Biology, Wroc?aw University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroc?aw, Poland
Abstract:A previously unknown association of ants with birds breeding in tree holes is described. Ants Lasius brunneus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were found in c. 15% of nests of Parus major L. and Poecile palustris L. (Paridae) breeding in tree holes in the primeval deciduous forest located in the Bia?owie?a National Park (Poland). The ants preferably used holes located higher above the ground. As such holes are warmer than the unused holes or other nest sites, it is suggested that the ants cohabit holes utilized by the tits to gain thermal benefits.
Keywords:Lasius brunneus  Parus major  Poecile palustris  microclimate of tree holes  Bia?owie?a National Park
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