清代山东运河补给及其对农业生态的影响

在清代,山东运河补给水源缺乏,朝廷为了漕运畅通,保证运河补给,将运河沿岸的河流、湖泊、山泉等竭力纳入补给体系,并以法律规定河泉平时三日济运,一日灌田,而亢旱之年则全部济运,严禁沿岸农民兴建沟洫水利,更不许开辟需水较多的稻田,所有这些严重影响了运河沿岸农田的灌溉与农田水利的发展,并造成了诸多水患灾害的发生与农业生态的破坏。

Provision of Shandong Great Canal in Qing Dynasty and Effects on Agriculture Ecology

In Qing Dynasty in Shandong Great Canal,the most troublesome problem was the lack of water source. In order to guarantee water transport of grain to the capital,Qing government took a series of measures and let al l the rivers,lakes and springs nearby the Canal supply water to Shandong Canal. They built reservoirs to store water and promulgated laws that the rivers and lakes must provide water to Canal in three days and supply water to field irrigation only in one day. In the drought season all water source must provide water to Canal and the irrigation of cultivated land was forbid. Opening up rice field was prohibited because it needed irrigation. All this had a bad influence to the agriculture development.