不同类型玉米干物质积累及其在各器官的分配规律

[目的]挖掘青贮玉米品种高产潜力性状的途径,为青贮玉米高产优质栽培提供技术支持.[方法]试验以粮饲兼用型玉米、优质青贮玉米、多分蘖型青贮玉米为供试材料,研究其产量形成特点和干物质积累及其在各器官的分配规律[1-4].[结果](1)青贮玉米品种与粮饲兼用型玉米品种高产群体干物质积累动态随着生长发育进程均呈S形曲线变化.生育期间植株干物质积累量表现为:无分蘖型青贮玉米品种＞粮饲兼用型玉米品种＞有分蘖型玉米品种.(2)干物质和鲜重的积累速率:粮饲兼用型玉米干物质积累速率峰值出现在出苗后的92～111 d,为灌浆期；鲜重积累速率峰值则出现在苗后57～ 72 d,为大喇叭口期.无分蘖型青贮玉米品种干物质与鲜重的积累量及积累速率峰值均出现在苗后92～ 111 d,为灌浆期.分蘖型青贮玉米品种干物质最大积累速率出现在苗后111～128 d,鲜重最大积累速率出现在苗后57～ 72 d.(3)干物质在各器官中分配量大小因玉米品种类型不同而异,青贮玉米科多4号因生育期较长,在新疆石河子地区雌穗基本不能成熟,干物质主要分配在叶片和茎秆中；粮饲兼用型玉米品种干物质则主要分配在雌穗中.[结论]从植株干物质积累动态看出:对三种类型玉米的干物质生产情况比较,全生育期均以无分蘖青贮玉米品种的新饲玉10号干物质积累量最高,粮饲兼用型SC - 704次之,多分蘖青贮玉米科多4号最低.从干物质在各器官中的分配规律看出:干物质在各器官中的分配为雌穗＞茎秆＞叶片＞苞叶＞叶鞘.

Study on the Dry Matter Accumulation and Distributive Characteristics of Different Types of Corn

[Objective]The experiment's aim was to provide scientific theoretical basis and technical guidance for the high - yield forage com,and study the high yield potential.[Method]forage com and compact com were selected to study the dry matter accumulation and distributive characteristics.[Result] (1) The change of the dry matter accumulation of high - yield forage corn compact com is the shape of S.The dry matter accumulation of different corns showed;non - tillering forage corn > compact corn > tillering forage com.(2) The peak value of the rate of dry matter accumulation of compact corn is 92 - 111 day of seeding,which is the milk stage.The peak value of the rate of green weight of compact com is 57 - 72 day of seeding,which is the boll bottom stage.The peak value of the rate of dry matter accumulation and green weight of non -tillering forage com is 111 - 128 day of seeding,which is the milk stage.The peak value of the rate of dry matter accumulation of tillering forage com is 92 - 111 day of seeding,and the peak value of the rate of green weight of tillering forage com is 57 - 72 day of seeding.(3 ) The distribution of dry matter accumulation in organ is different among the maize varieties.The dry matter accumulation of compact com is mainly in the ear of com,however the dry matter accumulation of the Keduo No.4 is mainly in leaf and haulm,because the growth stage is too long,which cant mature in Shihezi.[Conclusion]Considering the change of dry matter accumulation(DMA) dynamics of silage corn in different varieties,The dry matter accumulation of the kind of Non - tillering forage com of Xinsiyu No 10 is the highest.The food and fodder dual - purpose maize of SC - 704 is the second,and tillering forage corn of Keduo No.4 is the lowest.The order of the distribution of dry matter accumulation(DMA) is:ear > haulm > leaf > bract > vagina.